Periodic Table Flashcards
What is all matter made of?
small particles
What can the particles in matter be?
atoms, ions (charged atoms) and molecules (groups of atoms)
Roughly what are ions and molecules?
ions are charged atoms and molecules and groups of atoms
Can matter be destroyed?
Matter can not be created or destroyed in chemical reactions
What are the charges of a proton, neutron and electron?
+1, 0, -1
What are the masses of a proton, neutron and electron?
1, 1, 1/1838
What are the positions of the proton, neutron and electron?
nucleus, nucleus, shells around nucleus
What did the Greeks say about matter?
all matter is made up of minute particles
What does Daltons Atomic Theory state?
- All matter is made up of small particles called atoms
2.All atoms are indivisible. They cannot be broken down into simpler particles - Atoms of the same element are identical.
What are Cathode Rays?
Cathode Rays are streams of electrons that travel from cathode to anode that are deflected by electric and magnetic field.
What is Diffusion?
The spread of gases from areas of high concentration to low concentration.
What did Milikan’s Oil drop accomplish?
It enabled Milikan to correctly measure the charge of an electron.
Describe Thompsons Plum Pudding Model
Who gets the credit of discovering the atom?
J.J Thompson
Describe Rutherford’s Gold Foil model
What is an alpha particle?
A particle with positive charge.
What does a Continuous spectrum contain?
A Continuous Spectrum contains the colours Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet.
What forms a Line Spectrum?
A line spectrum forms is formed when the light from a hydrogen discharge tube is passed through a prism. These are unique like a finger print for an element.
What is a Spectrometer
A Spectrometer is an instrument used to carry out measurements in spectra.
Name 6 elements that change their colour when exposed to fire, what colour do they change to?
Lithium, Crimson
Potassium, Lilac
Barium, Green
Strontium, Red
Copper, Blue-Green
Sodium, Yellow
How would you carry out a flame test to confirm the presence of lithium in a salt sample?
Soak wood, dip a splint in salt and hold over a flame. If present, it should turn crimson in colour.
What is Bohr’s Theory of electron
1.) Electrons orbit the atoms in fixed paths called orbits.
2.) Electrons in any one orbit have a fixed amount of energy.
What is an energy level?
The fixed energy that an atom in an electron may have
What is the Ground state of an atom?
The state of an atom in which the electrons occupy the lowest energy level.
What is the Excited state of an atom?
The state of an atom win which the electrons occupy higher energy levels than the ground state.
what do the variables in “E2- E = HF” mean
E2 = energy of higher energy level
E = Energy of lower energy level
H= Planks Constant
F = Frequency of Light Emitted
What is an emission spectrum and an absorption spectrum
An emission spectrum consists of coloured lines against a black background.
An absorption spectrum consists of dark lines against a coloured background
What is an absorption spectrum?
An absorption spectrum is like a photographic negative of an emission spectrum
What does Heisenburg’s Uncertainty Principle state?
It states that it is impossible to measure both the velocity and position of an electron simultaneously.
What is a sublevel?
A sublevel is a subdivision of a main energy level and consists of one or more orbitals of the same energy.
What is an orbital?
An orbital is a region in space with a high possibility of finding an electron.
What is a Mass Number
The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
What is a triad
A group of 3 elements with similar chemical properties in which the atomic weight of the middle element is approximately equal to the average of the other 2.
What are Newlands Octaves?
Arrangements of elements which the first and eighth element have similar properties
What is Mendeleev’s Periodic Law?
When elements are ordered in order of increasing atomic weight, the properties of elements occur periodically.
What is the Atomic Number?
The Atomic Number of atom is the number of protons in the nucleus of that atom.
What are isotopes?
Isotopes are atoms of the same element which have different mass numbers due to the difference in the number of neutrons
What is Relative Atomic Mass?
The average of the mass numbers of isotopes of the element
Define the Aufbau Principal
Electrons occupy the lowest energy level whenever possible
Define Hunds rule of multiplicity
When 2 or more orbitals of equal energy are available, the electrons occupy singly before pairs.
Define the Pauli Exclusion Principal
No More than 2 electrons may occupy the same orbital and they must have opposite spin.
