Periodic Table

Question 1

What is all matter made of?

Answer 1

small particles

Question 2

What can the particles in matter be?

Answer 2

atoms, ions (charged atoms) and molecules (groups of atoms)

Question 3

Roughly what are ions and molecules?

Answer 3

ions are charged atoms and molecules and groups of atoms

Question 4

Can matter be destroyed?

Answer 4

Matter can not be created or destroyed in chemical reactions

Question 5

What are the charges of a proton, neutron and electron?

Answer 5

+1, 0, -1

Question 6

What are the masses of a proton, neutron and electron?

Answer 6

1, 1, 1/1838

Question 7

What are the positions of the proton, neutron and electron?

Answer 7

nucleus, nucleus, shells around nucleus

Question 8

What did the Greeks say about matter?

Answer 8

all matter is made up of minute particles

Question 9

What does Daltons Atomic Theory state?

Answer 9

1. All matter is made up of small particles called atoms
   2.All atoms are indivisible. They cannot be broken down into simpler particles
2. Atoms of the same element are identical.

Question 10

What are Cathode Rays?

Answer 10

Cathode Rays are streams of electrons that travel from cathode to anode that are deflected by electric and magnetic field.

Question 11

What is Diffusion?

Answer 11

The spread of gases from areas of high concentration to low concentration.

Question 12

What did Milikan’s Oil drop accomplish?

Answer 12

It enabled Milikan to correctly measure the charge of an electron.

Question 13

Describe Thompsons Plum Pudding Model

Answer 13

Question 14

Who gets the credit of discovering the atom?

Answer 14

J.J Thompson

Question 15

Describe Rutherford’s Gold Foil model

Answer 15

Question 16

What is an alpha particle?

Answer 16

A particle with positive charge.

Question 17

What does a Continuous spectrum contain?

Answer 17

A Continuous Spectrum contains the colours Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet.

Question 18

What forms a Line Spectrum?

Answer 18

A line spectrum forms is formed when the light from a hydrogen discharge tube is passed through a prism. These are unique like a finger print for an element.

Question 19

What is a Spectrometer

Answer 19

A Spectrometer is an instrument used to carry out measurements in spectra.

Question 20

Name 6 elements that change their colour when exposed to fire, what colour do they change to?

Answer 20

Lithium, Crimson
Potassium, Lilac
Barium, Green
Strontium, Red
Copper, Blue-Green
Sodium, Yellow

Question 21

How would you carry out a flame test to confirm the presence of lithium in a salt sample?

Answer 21

Soak wood, dip a splint in salt and hold over a flame. If present, it should turn crimson in colour.

Question 22

What is Bohr’s Theory of electron

Answer 22

1.) Electrons orbit the atoms in fixed paths called orbits.
2.) Electrons in any one orbit have a fixed amount of energy.

Question 23

What is an energy level?

Answer 23

The fixed energy that an atom in an electron may have

Question 24

What is the Ground state of an atom?

Answer 24

The state of an atom in which the electrons occupy the lowest energy level.

Question 25

What is the Excited state of an atom?

Answer 25

The state of an atom win which the electrons occupy higher energy levels than the ground state.

Question 26

what do the variables in “E2- E = HF” mean

Answer 26

E2 = energy of higher energy level
E = Energy of lower energy level
H= Planks Constant
F = Frequency of Light Emitted

Question 27

What is an emission spectrum and an absorption spectrum

Answer 27

An emission spectrum consists of coloured lines against a black background.
An absorption spectrum consists of dark lines against a coloured background

Question 28

What is an absorption spectrum?

Answer 28

An absorption spectrum is like a photographic negative of an emission spectrum

Question 29

What does Heisenburg’s Uncertainty Principle state?

Answer 29

It states that it is impossible to measure both the velocity and position of an electron simultaneously.

Question 30

What is a sublevel?

Answer 30

A sublevel is a subdivision of a main energy level and consists of one or more orbitals of the same energy.

Question 31

What is an orbital?

Answer 31

An orbital is a region in space with a high possibility of finding an electron.

Question 32

What is a Mass Number

Answer 32

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 33

What is a triad

Answer 33

A group of 3 elements with similar chemical properties in which the atomic weight of the middle element is approximately equal to the average of the other 2.

Question 34

What are Newlands Octaves?

Answer 34

Arrangements of elements which the first and eighth element have similar properties

Question 35

What is Mendeleev’s Periodic Law?

Answer 35

When elements are ordered in order of increasing atomic weight, the properties of elements occur periodically.

Question 36

What is the Atomic Number?

Answer 36

The Atomic Number of atom is the number of protons in the nucleus of that atom.

Question 37

What are isotopes?

Answer 37

Isotopes are atoms of the same element which have different mass numbers due to the difference in the number of neutrons

Question 38

What is Relative Atomic Mass?

Answer 38

The average of the mass numbers of isotopes of the element

Question 39

Define the Aufbau Principal

Answer 39

Electrons occupy the lowest energy level whenever possible

Question 40

Define Hunds rule of multiplicity

Answer 40

When 2 or more orbitals of equal energy are available, the electrons occupy singly before pairs.

Question 41

Define the Pauli Exclusion Principal

Answer 41

No More than 2 electrons may occupy the same orbital and they must have opposite spin.