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ATI TEAS EXAM > The Nervous System > Flashcards

The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

The Nervous System

A

Complex system that affects every part of body
Vital in controlling involuntary and voluntary movement!

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2
Q

Two Parts of Nervous System

A
  1. CENTRAL Nervous System (CNS)
  2. PERIPHERAL Nervous System (PNS)
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3
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Consists of brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

Central Nervous System FUNCTION

A

Central command for all communication & actions of the body

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5
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Includes all of the nerves that branch out to rest of body & ganglia

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6
Q

Peripheral Nervous System FUNCTION

A

Allows the signals sent by the brain to reach its target destination in body

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7
Q

Nerves (nueron)

A

Long bundles of neuronal axons that transmit signals from Central Nervous System

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8
Q

Function of Neuron (nerve) Part 1

A

Signals start as electrical pulses generating at the dendrites

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9
Q

Function of the Neuron (nerve) Part 2

A

If strong enough- the impulse travels along axon

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10
Q

Function of Neuron (nerve) Part 3

A

Impulse causes chemical neurotransmitters to be secreted from the axon terminals into the synapse.

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11
Q

Function of Neuron (nerve) Part 4

A

In synapse the neurotransmitters bind to either another Neuron or muscle cell

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12
Q

Sensory Neurons

A

AFFERENT NUERONS
Send messages to the CNS about sensory information
touch, smell, pain

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13
Q

Motor Neuron

A

EFFERENT NEURONS
Send messages to muscle and can be subdivided into the autonomic & somatic Nervous system

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14
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Controls INVOLUNTARY actions involving cardiac and smooth muscle
heart rhythm, digestion, breathing

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15
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Controls VOLUNTARY actions involving skeletal muscle
walking, throwing, typing

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16
Q

Somatic Nervous System Movement Requires

A

Muscle fibers connected to nerve fibers

For a muscle to move it takes many nerves, muscle fibers & ATP to power contraction

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17
Q

Peripheral Nervous System 2 Components

A
  1. Autonomic Nervous System
  2. Somatic Nervous System
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18
Q

Axon

A

Nerve fiber that carries a nerve impulse AWAY from Neuron cell body

19
Q

Dendrite

A

Nerve fiber that carries nerve impulse TOWARD the Neuron cell body

20
Q

Synapse

A

Allows Neurons to pass signals to other Neurons, muscles & glands

Site where 2 Neurons come together

21
Q

2 Parts of Autonomic Nervous System

A
  1. Sympathetic
  2. Parasympathetic
22
Q

Sympathetic System

A

Increases Heart Rate & Blood Pressure, Slows Down Digestion

Maximizes blood flow to muscles & brain

“Flight or Flight” Response

23
Q

Parasympathetic System

A

Decreases Heart Rate & Blood Pressure, Speeds up Digestion

“Rest and Digest”

24
Q

Action Potential

A

Electrical signal sent from Neurons that go down the axon

25
Q

Myelin Sheeth

A

Fatty protective sheeth that covers axon

Help speed up electrical signal nerves send

26
Q

4 Brain Regions (C.D.C.B)

A
  1. Cerebrum (Cerebral Cortex)
  2. Diencephalon
  3. Cerebellum
  4. Brain Stem
27
Q

Cerebrum “Cerebral Cortex”

A

Divided into Right & Left

Right receives afferent fibers and sends efferent fibers to the left side & vice versa

28
Q

4 Cerebral Cortex Lobes (F.P.T.O)

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal
  3. Temporal
  4. Occipital
29
Q

Frontal Lobe

(Efc)

A

Responsible for movement and executive function control

ability to make decisions

30
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Responsible for sensory information

locate where we are physically
guides movement in 3D space

31
Q

Temporal Lobe
(h.s.m.v)

A

Responsible for hear, smell, memory, vision, recognition of faces/languages

sends info from short term to long term memory
* surrounds/communicates with hippocampus*

32
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Responsible for Vision

33
Q

Diencephalon

A

Contains the Thalamus and the Hypothalamas

34
Q

Thalamus

A

Collection of Nuclei

Processes sensory info from Body to Cerebral Cortex & vice versa

35
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Regulates Body Temperature, Sleep/Wake Cycle, Eating/Drinking

Regulates release of Endocrine hormones

36
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Produces & secretes hormones when receiving signals from Hypothalamas

37
Q

Cerebellum (4 functions)

A

Base of Skull

*Coordinates movement, precision, & balance
*Receives body comp input from spinal cord
Receives motor input from brain
* Turns Fine Tune Motor Activity to Muscle Memory

38
Q

3 Parts of Brain Stem

A
  1. Midbrain
  2. Pons
  3. Medulla

all connect to spinal cord

39
Q

Midbrain

(V.h.m.s.c)

A

Controls vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/wake cycle, concieousness

40
Q

Pons

A

Controls facial expression/sensation & body equilibrium/posture

41
Q

Medulla

A

Controls Blood pressure, breathing, swallowing, coughing, vomiting & Digestion

42
Q

Spinal Cord

A

Pathway where afferent & efferent fibers travel to connect the brain to the peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

43
Q

How many Cranial Nerve Pairs

A

12

CNI-CNXII

44
Q

How many Spinal Nerve Pairs

A

31
8- Cervical
12- Thoracic
5- Lumbar
5 Sacral
1 Coccygeal

ATI TEAS EXAM (6 decks)

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