The Nervous System 1

Question 1

What are the divisions of the PNS?

Answer 1

Somatic nervous system

Autonomic nervous system

Question 2

What does the autonomic nervous system break down into?

Answer 2

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Question 3

What is an afferent neurone?

Answer 3

Sensory

Arrive - bring signals towards the CNS

Question 4

What is an efferent neurone?

Answer 4

Motor

Project away from the CNS - Exit

Question 5

What does the somatic nervous system consist of?

Answer 5

Spinal nerves

Cranial nerves

Question 6

What does somatic and visceral mean?

Answer 6

Somatic - body wall

Visceral - organs themselves and body wall organs

Question 7

What would the autonomic nervous system supply?

Answer 7

Enteral environment
- organs
heart, glands, smooth and cardiac muscle, external lining of lungs

Question 8

What would the somatic nervous system supply?

Answer 8

The external environment

Skin, fascia, skeletal muscle, skeleton, internal lining of body cavities

Question 9

What is the large hole in the back of the skull that the spinal cord goes through?

Answer 9

Foramen magnum

Question 10

What are the 3 different sections of the floor of the cranial cavity?

Answer 10

Anterior, middle and posterior cranial fossa

Question 11

What are the 3 parts of the brainstem from superior to inferior?

Answer 11

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

Question 12

What are the 4 segments of the spinal cord?

Answer 12

Cervical - enlargement for limb
Thoracic
Lumbar - enlargement for limb
Sacral/coccygeal

Question 13

How many spinal nerves are there?

Answer 13

31 pairs

Question 14

When does the spinal cord end?

Answer 14

At the conus medullar is at L1/L2

Question 15

What is the outer and inner area made out of in the brain?

Answer 15

Outer - grey matter - cell bodies

Inner - white matter - many axons which are myelinated

Question 16

What is the outer and inner area made out of in the brain stem?

Answer 16

Outer - white matter

Inner - grey matter

Question 17

Which cranial nerves contain special sensory?

Answer 17

CN 1 olfactory , CN 2 optic, CN 8 vestibulocochlear

Question 18

What is the plate of the ethmoid bone called?

Answer 18

Cribriform plate

Question 19

Describe the rootlets of the ventral grey horn/anterior part of the spinal…?

Answer 19

Anterior rootlets are motor

Question 20

Describe the rootlets of the dorsal grey horn/postior part of the spinal…?

Answer 20

Posterior rootlets are sensory

Question 21

What do the rootlets and roots come together to form?

Answer 21

Spinal nerve, mixed

Question 22

What then comes off the spinal nerve?

Answer 22

Posterior rami - mixed

Anterior rami - mixed

Question 23

Where are spinal nerves located ONLY?

Answer 23

Within the intervertebral foramina

Question 24

How many spinal nerves do we have for each section of the spinal column?

Answer 24

8 (C1-C8(C8 spinal nerve exits between C7 and T1 vertebrae
)) Cervical spinal nerves
12 (T1-T12) Thoracic spinal nerves 
5 (L1-L5) Lumbar spinal nerves
5 (S1-S5) Sacral spinal nerves 
1 (Co1) Coccygeal spinal nerve 

31 spinal nerves

Question 25

How many spinal vertebrae do we have in each section?

Answer 25

7 Cervical vertebrae
(C1-C7)

12 Thoracic vertebrae
(T1-T12)

5 Lumbar vertebrae
(L1-L5)

Sacral (5 fused vertebrae)

Coccyx (4 fused vertebrae)

33 vertebrae

Question 26

What do the posterior rami supply?

Answer 26

The posterior paramedic strip of each segment

Question 27

What do the anterior rami supply?

Answer 27

The remained of the posterior part of the segment and the lateral and anterior parts of the segments

Question 28

How do the rami supply all of the limbs?

Answer 28

Via plexus (anterior rami)

Question 29

What are nerve plexuses?

Answer 29

They are networks of intertwined anterior rami

Question 30

What plexuses do you get?

Answer 30

Cervical plexus - C1-C4
Brachial plexus - C5-T1
Lumbar plexus - L1-L4
Sacral plexus - L5-S4

Question 31

Where do the sympathetic nerves exit the spinal cord?

Answer 31

T1-L2 - they travel to sympathetic chains running the length of the vertebral column

Pass into both anterior and posterior rami ‘hitch a ride’

Question 32

What do the splanchnic nerves supply?

Answer 32

Organs

Question 33

What do the lateral horns of the spinal cord contain?

Answer 33

Sympathetic fibres - only T1-L2

Question 34

Where does the sympathetic axon leave the spinal cord?

Answer 34

In the anterior root/rootlets

Question 35

How do parasympathetics leave the CNS?

Answer 35

Via cranial nerves 3,7,9 and 10 and the sacral spinal nerves

Craniosacral outflow

Question 36

What do the parasympathetics supply?

Answer 36

Internal organs, not the body wall.

Question 37

how would you describe parasympathetic outflow?

Answer 37

Craniosacral outflow

Question 38

How would you describer sympathetic outflow?

Answer 38

Thoracolumbar outflow