Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LC Principles Anatomy > Anatomy of the Lower GI system > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Lower GI system Flashcards

1
Q

At what level does the oesophagus pierce the diaphragm?

A

T10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the abdominal and pelvic cavity?

A

The abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity are continuous with each other, only separated by peritoneum (roof of pelvic cavity).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is peritonitis?

A

Inflammation of the peritoneum caused by infection from surgery or trauma - leads to guarding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the peritoneum?

A

Continuous membrane which secretes lubricating peritoneal fluid into the peritoneal cavity

Lines the abdominal cavity and invests viscera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the visceral and partial peritoneum?

A

Visceral - invests an orga

Parietal - touches the enteral body wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is retroperitoneal?

A

Lays posterior to the peritoneum - behind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the retroperitoneal organs?

A 
Kidneys 
Adrenal gland
Pancreas
Parts of small intestine
Parts of large intestine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the pelvic organs of the GI tract?

A

Rectum
Anal canal
Anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is the stomach mostly located?

A

in the left lower quadrant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the small intestine attached to the body wall by?

A

A mesentery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the parts of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the mesentery?

A

A double layer of peritoneum

Connects intraperionteal organs to the body wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What parts of the large intestine are retroperitoneal?

A

Ascending and descending colon are retroperionteal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

waves of SIMULTANEOUS shortening of the length of a segment of the tube PLUS narrowing of the luminal diameter in that segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

describe what the outer longitutal layer and the inner circular layer of the walls of the intestine do?

A

Outer longitudinal - smooth muscle - shortens the tube

Inner circular - smooth muscles - constricts (narrows) the diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the mucosa like in the oral cavity, oesophagus and anus?

A

Protective - areas of greatest mechanical friction

17
Q

What is the mucosa like in the stomach?

A

Secretory - minimally absorptive

18
Q

What is the mucosa like in the small intestine and large intestine?

A

Absorptive

19
Q

Name the sphincter at the junction between laryngopharynx & oesophagus to help prevent regurgitation?

A

Cricopharyngeal sphincter

20
Q

Name the sphincter at the junction between stomach & duodenum to control the release of chyme from the stomach?

A

Pyloric sphincter

21
Q

Name the sphincter at at the junction between anus & external environment to control the release of stool from the anal canal?

A

External anal sphincter

22
Q

What are anatomical sphincters?

A

are discrete areas where muscle completely encircles the lumen of the tract

Can be composed of smooth or skeletal muscle

23
Q

Describe the track of the IVC in the abdomen?

A

It ascend in the retroperitoneum then passes through the diaphragm into the right atrium

24
Q

Describe the track of the aorta in the abdomen?

A

The Aorta leaves the left ventricle passes through the diaphragm the descends in the retroperitoneum

25
Q

What are the 3 midline branches of the abdominal aorta from superior to inferior?

A

Coeliac trunk
Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artey

26
Q

What do the 3 midline branches supply?

A

Coeliac trunk - foregut organs
Super mesenteric artery - midgut organs
Inferior mesenteric artery - hindgut organs

27
Q

Describe the venous drainage to the abode organs, what drains each section?

A

Foregut - splenic vein
Midgut - Superior mesenteric vein
Hindgut - inferior mesenteric vein (drains hindgut via splenic vein)

28
Q

What do all the veins join up to form and take to the liver?

A

The hepatic portal vein

29
Q

What is the hepatic portal vein formed by?

A

The splenic vein and the superior mesenteric artery

30
Q

Describe the portal venous system?

A

Drains from absorptive parts of GI tract and associated organs to the liver via hepatic portal vein
This blood de-oxygenated and nutrient-rich

31
Q

Describe the systemic venous system?

A

Drains de-oxygenated blood from the rest of the body to the right atrium of the heart.
Include blood from the liver via hepatic veins

32
Q

Describe where foregut structures drain their lymph via?

A

Via nodes located along the splenic artery towards the coeliac nodes (located around the origin of the coeliac trunk)

33
Q

Describe where midgut structures drain their lymph via?

A

Via nodes located along the superior mesenteric artery towards the superior mesenteric nodes (located around the origin of the superior mesenteric artery)

34
Q

Describe where hindgut organs drain their lymph via?

A

Via nodes located along the inferior mesenteric artery towards the inferior mesenteric nodes (located around the origin of the interior mesenteric artery)

35
Q

What is the body response to obstruction of the GI tract?

A

increased peristalsis proximal to the site of the obstruction in an attempt to remove it

36
Q

Why might a patient experience colicky pain?

A

Because peristalsis occurs in waves so the pain will come and go as the body tried to get over the obstruction

LC Principles Anatomy (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions