Anatomy of the Upper GI system

Question 1

What is the Gi tract lined with?

Answer 1

Mucosa (epithelium and lamina propria)

And muscle in the wall

Question 2

What are the functions of the pharynx?

Answer 2

Swallowing
Defence again infection
Airway protection

Question 3

What is the main function of the small intestine?

Answer 3

Digestion and absorption

Defence against infection (acid)

Question 4

What is the main function of the large intestine?

Answer 4

Reabsorption of H20 and electrolytes

Question 5

What is the name of the junction which splits the large and small intestine?

Answer 5

Ileocecal junction

Question 6

What are the 3 muscles that close the jaw?

Answer 6

Temporalis
Massater
Medial pterygoid

Question 7

What is the muscle that opens the jaw?

Answer 7

Lateral pterygoid

Question 8

How do we prevent drooling?

Answer 8

Orbicularis Oris

- circular muscle around the lips, prevents dribbling during chewing and swallowing

Question 9

Where do the muscles of facial expression lie?

Answer 9

Between the superficial fascia and fascial skeleton

Question 10

What is the oral cavity lined with?

Answer 10

Mucosa - stratified squamous epithelium (for protection)

Question 11

Where is keratin present in the oral cavity?

Answer 11

Only on the gingivae and hard palate

Question 12

What is ‘special’ sensation linked with?

Answer 12

Taste

Question 13

What is the dorsal surface of the Tongue?

Answer 13

The posterior side, the ‘top of the tongue

Question 14

What are the 4 type of papillae on the tongue from anterior to posterior?

Answer 14

Filiform papillae (touch temp)
Fungiform papillae (with taste buds)
Foliate papillae and vallate papillae (singular)

Question 15

Where are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 15

There are 4 paris
They attach the tongue to a bony skeleton

Moved the tongue around during mastication, speech and swallowing

Question 16

Describe the intrisinc muscles of the tongue?

Answer 16

There are 4 paris in various direction, usually within the tongue

They change the shape of the tongue during function

Question 17

Name the muscle of the cheek?

Answer 17

Buccinator

Question 18

What does the buccinator do?

Answer 18

Aids in the manipulation of for to position it between the occlusal (biting) surface of the teeth

Question 19

How many teeth does an adult have?

Answer 19

32

Question 20

How is the teeth split up in the mouth?

Answer 20

4 quadrants

Upper right, upper left, lower right, lower left

Question 21

What is an occlusion?

Answer 21

the way the upper and lower dental arches fit together (the bite)

Question 22

What must you ask a patient with a suspected fracture of the mandible or maxilla?

Answer 22

How does your bite feel?

Question 23

What does saliva contain?

Answer 23

Contains a lubricant (mucin) to aid swelling and speech and for keeping the mucosa moist

It is a buffer for plaque acids

Question 24

What are the major salivary glands and describe their rough location?

Answer 24

Parotid (near ear)
Submandibular (under mandible)
Sub lingual (under tongue)

Question 25

What stimulates saliva?

Answer 25

Thought sight, smell of food

Painful oral conditions - teething, fractured mandible

Question 26

Describe the location of the ducts of the salivary glands?

Answer 26

Parotid - duct crosses face secretes into mouth by upper 2nd molar
Submandibular - duct enters floor of the mouth and secretes via lingual caruncle
Sublingual - lays in the floor of the mouth and secrets via several ducts superiorly

Question 27

What is the pharynx lined with?

Answer 27

non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

Question 28

Name the 3 different parts of the pharynx from superior to inferior?

Answer 28

Nasopharynx - posteror to nasal cavity superior to soft palate
Oropharynx - posterior to oral cavity between soft palate and epiglottis
Laryngopharynx- posterior to larynx between epiglottis and oesophagus

Question 29

What is waldeyers tonsillar ring?

Answer 29

Provides defence again invading pathogens
Within the mucosa of the nasopharynx and oropharynx
Produces white blood cells

adenoid
tubal tonsil x 2
palatine tonsil x 2
lingual tonsil

Question 30

What are the muscles of the pharynx, outer layer?

Answer 30

Circular muscles
3 x constrictor muscles
Push the food bolus down the oesophagus during contraction
Skeletal

Question 31

What are the muscles of the pharynx, inner layer?

Answer 31

Longitudinal muscles
3 x paired vertical muscles
One contraction they pull the larynx superior shortening the pharynx during swallowing

Question 32

What is the opening into the airway called?

Answer 32

The laryngeal inlet

Question 33

What is the transition of muscle type in the oesophagus?

Answer 33

Skeletal muscle to smooth muscle

Question 34

What is the oesophagus lined with?

Answer 34

Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

Question 35

Describe swallowing - the 2 steps including the pharynx?

Answer 35

Longitudinal muscles shorten pharynx and draws the larynx superiorly towards the epiglottis, closing the laryngeal inlet

Constrictor muscles sequentially contract pushing the food bolus towards the oesophagus,