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History > The Nazi Totalitarian State > Flashcards

The Nazi Totalitarian State Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the Enabling Act first introduced by the Nazis?

A

27th February 1933, after the Reichstag fire

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2
Q

How many seats did the Nazis get in the General election of 5th March 1933?

A

288 seats, the majority

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3
Q

When was the Enabling Act renewed?

A

23rd March 1933

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4
Q

When was the local government reorganised by the Nazis?

A

26th April 1933

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5
Q

When did Hitler ban trade unions in Germany?

A

2nd May 1933

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6
Q

When did a religious group make an agreement with the Nazis?

A

The Concordat agreement was agreed to by the Catholic Church on 20th June 1933.

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7
Q

When did Hitler ban political parties?

A

14th July 1933

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8
Q

When did Hitler set up the People’s Courts?

A

24th April 1934

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9
Q

When was the Night of the Long Knives?

A

30th June 1934

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10
Q

When did Hitler become the Fuhrer?

A

19th August 1934

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11
Q

What were the stages of Hitler taking over Germany?

A
  1. Became Chancellor.
  2. Used power of position to ensure majority in elections.
  3. Used huge support to pass Enabling Act.
  4. Renewed Enabling Act 1937; ended Weimar Republic.
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12
Q

What happened in May 1933?

A

Trade Unions were banned. Offices were broken into and officials arrested.

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13
Q

What happened from May to July 1933?

A

Political Parties were banned. Communist and Social Democratic newspapers were also destroyed.

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14
Q

By 1934, what had happened?

A

Local government had been organised to make sure that Nazi governors ran every region of Germany.

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15
Q

What happened on the 30th June 1934?

A

The Night of the Long Knives. Hitler heard that Rohm, the leader of the SA, was planning to rival his leadership - so he killed him and other SA members.

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16
Q

What were two ways that control was kept in Nazi Germany?

A
  • Fear

- Propaganda

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17
Q

What did the Nazis do that helped them to keep control in Nazi Germany?

A
  • Created strong, intimidating Police State

- Banned ideas

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18
Q

Why were Hitler and Rohm oppositional in terms of political stances?

A

Hitler= more Nationalist
Rohm= more Socialist
- Thus, Rohm was a rival within the Nazis with different ideas.

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19
Q

Why were Hitler and Rohm oppositional in terms of political stances?

A

Hitler= more Nationalist

Rohm=more Socialist

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20
Q

What did Rohm do that made Hitler see him as a rival?

A
  • He had merged a veteran army group with Sturmabteilung. These men were more loyal to Rohm than Hitler, and believed that Hitler undervalued them.
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21
Q

Why was Rohm critical to this policy of Hitler’s?

A

Rohm wanted to see more socialist government action, such as doing more to help the working class.

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22
Q

Why was Rohm critical to this policy of Hitler’s?

A

Rohm wanted to see more socialist government, such as doing more to help the working class.

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23
Q

What happened precisely on the Night of The Long Knives?

A

30th June 1934- Hitler arranged a meeting with Rohm + 100 Sturmabteilung members at a hotel, where they were promptly arrested, imprisoned, and shot.

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24
Q

What happened to Rohm after he was arrested?

A

1st July 1934- He was executed in his prison cell after refusing to commit suicide.

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25
Q

What did Von Papen do after hearing about the murders of the Night of The Long Knives?

A

Placed under house arrest because he complained of treatment of Goering, another member of Nazi high command.

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26
Q

Was Von Papen able to contact anyone during his house arrest?

A

No- His phone was cut off, but a signal was sent that he was powerless.

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27
Q

As a result of the killings of the Night of The Long Knives?

A
  • Schutzstaffel become more important than scattered Sturmabteilung
  • Army forced to swear oath of loyalty to Hitler and no one else.
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28
Q

What was the Schutzstaffel (SS)?

A

Hitler’s private army expanded to 240,000 men.

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29
Q

What were the different branches of the Schutzstaffel?

A
  • The Sicherheitsdienst (SD)

- The Gestapo

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30
Q

What were the Sicherheitsdienst (SD)?

A

The SD were a security force that kept index cards on anyone thought to oppose the Nazis.

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31
Q

What did the Gestapo do?

A

Identify any and all critics of the Nazi Party. They spied on people, tapped phones and used informants to identify suspects, but they mainly relied on informants.

32
Q

What did the Gestapo do?

A

Identify any and all critics of the Nazi Party. They spied on people, tapped phones and used informants to identify suspects.

33
Q

How many people were arrested by the Gestapo in 1939 alone?

A

160,000 people were arrested.

34
Q

What was the original purpose of the concentration camps?

A

To send those suspected of being opponents of the Nazis.

35
Q

Where was the first concentration camp opened and when?

A

Dachau- 1933

36
Q

What type of uniform did the Schutzstaffel wear?

A

Black uniforms.

37
Q

Were the Sicherheitsdienst uniformed?

A

Yes.

38
Q

Who led the Sicherheitsdienst and the Gestapo?

A

Reinhard Heydrich

39
Q

Who led the Schutzstaffel and the concentration camps?

A

Heinrich Himmler

40
Q

How were the courts in Germany controlled?

A

Courts became the people’s courts meaning that fair trials were suspended and sometimes Hitler imposed sentences himself.

41
Q

How were the courts in Germany controlled?

A

Courts became the people’s courts meaning that fair trials were suspended and sometime Hitler imposed sentences himself.

42
Q

What was agreed by Hitler in the Concordat Agreement 1933?

A

Hitler agreed to let Catholic churches worship freely if they didn’t criticise the Nazis.

43
Q

What was agreed by the Catholic Church in the Concordat Agreement 1933?

A

The Catholic Church agreed its priests would not interfere in politics and ordered German bishops to swear loyalty to the Nazis.

44
Q

As the 1930s continued, what did the Nazis do that broke the Concordat’s terms?

A
  • Catholic Priests were harassed and arrested.
  • Catholic schools began to be shut down.
  • Catholic youth groups were banned.
45
Q

What did the Catholic Church do in response to the Nazis breaking the Concordat as the 1930s continued?

A

In 1937 - the Pope (head of the Catholic Church) officially criticised the Nazis.

46
Q

Which protestant leaders were allowed to continue providing church services?

A

Those supported Hitler’s views were allowed to continue providing Church services.

47
Q

What did some Protestant Churches allow the Nazis to do?

A

They allowed Nazi flags to hang inside Churches.

48
Q

What was one of the main conditions the Nazis set for the Protestants?

A

No Jewish Old Testament readings to be used in services.

49
Q

What was the name of the Protestant leader who stood up to the Nazis?

A

Pastor Martin Niemoller. He had initially supported the Nazis as a Conservative, but this changed quickly.

50
Q

Which of the Nazis’ policies in particular did Martin Niemoller criticise?

A

The treatment of Christians with Jewish heritage.

51
Q

What did Pastor Martin Niemoller set up?

A

The Pastors’ Emergency League, who would campaign against the Nazis as well as provide shelter for Jewish people who were being hunted by the Nazis.

52
Q

What did the Nazis do in response to Niemoller’s creation of the organisation?

A
  • Banned PEL in 1937

- Sent Niemoller to a concentration camp in 1937

53
Q

Who was the head of Propaganda in Nazi Germany?

A

Joseph Goebbels

54
Q

When did the Nazis begin to use propaganda as an important tool for winning over the German people?

A

1926 onwards.

55
Q

What new invention did Joseph Goebbels use for propaganda?

A

The People’s Receiver- cheap Radios made accessible so everyone could hear Hitler’s speeches.

56
Q

What was set up to censor the arts in Nazi Germany?

A

The Chamber of Culture- set up in 1933, to make sure all art and music was to the taste of the Nazis.

57
Q

When and what was the Nuremberg Rally?

A

1934- A rally used to promote Nazi values. A “hollywood” style film was made of it called “The Triumph of the Will”

58
Q

What sporting events did the Nazis use as propaganda?

A

The Berlin Olympics in 1936- all events and the stadium was designed to show Nazi efficiency.

59
Q

How did the Nazis use a stadium for the Berlin Olympics to promote Nazi efficiency?

A

The stadium was deliberately designed to look like a Roman coliseum.

60
Q

How did Journalists find out what they could or could not publish?

A

Journalists were given regular meetings with the government where they were told what stories to publish.

61
Q

Which radio stations did the Nazis control?

A

All of them.

62
Q

What did Hitler broadcast on the radio stations in Germany?

A

Speeches that were advertised as “must listen” events.

63
Q

How did the Nazis ensure that people could listen to Hitler’s speeches?

A

Speakers were placed in public places like town squares.

64
Q

Was the Impressionist and New Expressionism art of the Weimar days tolerated in Nazi Germany?

A

No- Weimar art, like that of Otto Dix, was made unacceptable.

65
Q

What did the Nazis think German art should be like?

A
  • Straight-forward

- A reflection of romantic ideas about Germany’s past and values like loyalty, family, self-sacrifice and discipline.

66
Q

Who was the main architect in Nazi Germany?

A

Albert Speer.

67
Q

How did Albert Speer design buildings in Germany?

A

Designed them to look strong and reflect dominance, power and importance.

68
Q

What was an example of one of Albert Speer’s buildings?

A

The offices of the Chancellor, opened in Berlin in 1938.

69
Q

What was shown before films in German cinemas?

A

A 45 minute newsreel before them that showcased Germany’s achievements.

70
Q

How were filmmakers restricted in what they could produce?

A

They had to get Goebbels’ approval about the plot details.

71
Q

Which genre of music was banned in Nazi Germany?

A

Jazz.

72
Q

Which types of music were promoted as good in Nazi Germany?

A
  • Traditional German folk music

- Beethoven

73
Q

How was literature censored in Nazi Germany?

A
  • Any books disliked by the Nazis was censored.

- 2,500 writers were banned.

74
Q

What did the Nazis do to get rid of books they disliked?

A

Took millions of books from public libraries and burned them on huge public bonfires.

75
Q

Who were two examples of authors whose books were burned because they were Jewish?

A
  • Albert Einstein

- Sigmund Freud.

History (7 decks)

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