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History > People Who Stood Up to The Nazis > Flashcards

People Who Stood Up to The Nazis Flashcards

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1
Q

Secret trade union opposition- the workers

A

KPD continued to encourage workers to oppose the Nazis.

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2
Q

How did workers try to undermine the Nazis?

A
  • By staying off work

- Industrial sabotage (small scale)

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3
Q

Secret political opposition- How did the SDP oppose the Nazis?

A

In 1933, they printed an opposition newspaper, the Red Shock Troop. It had a circulation of 3,000 copies.

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4
Q

What did the Nazis do in response to the SDP’s opposition?

A

Arrested organisers, sent them to concentration camps.

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5
Q

What did the SDP do after the Nazis shut down their newspaper?

A

After they were exiled, they went to Prague and set up the SOPADE (SDP abroad) to campaign against the Nazis.

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6
Q

Why did religious leaders- both openly and secretly- begin to oppose the Nazis?

A

The Nazis tried to control religion in Germany by closing religious schools and other measures.

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7
Q

Why were there youth groups who opposed the Nazis?

A
  • Opposed to Nazi youth groups

- Opposed to Nazi social policies

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8
Q

Other than youth, political and religious opposition, was there any other types of opposition against the Nazis?

A

Yes- military opposition. Some army officers opposed the Nazis.

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9
Q

What was the name of one of the main army generals who opposed the Nazis?

A

General Ludwig Van Beck- He was Chief Of Staff of the German Army.

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10
Q

What did Ludwig Van Beck try to do in 1938?

A
  • Tried to get fellow officers to arrest Hitler.

- Sent message to British where he said that the German army would not fight back if they attacked.

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11
Q

What did Ludwig Van Beck do in 1934 and 1944?

A

Led assassination plots against Hitler until he was executed for being a conspirator in the Stauffenberg Bomb Plot.

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12
Q

What was the Pastors’ Emergency League?

A

Group of Protestant pastors who protested against
amalgamation of regional churches into one German Christian Church and Nazi attempts to stop Jews becoming Christians + ban the Jewish Old Testament.

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13
Q

What was the Confessing Church?

A

This Church refused to cooperate with the Nazis.

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14
Q

When was the Confessing Church set up and by who?

A

The PEL set up the Confessing Church in 1934.

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15
Q

What happened to the Pastors who joined the Confessing Church?

A

6,000 German Pastors joined and 800 were arrested and sent to Concentration Camps.

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16
Q

Was there any Catholic opposition against the Nazis?

A

Some Catholic Priests spoke out against the Concordat and Nazi ideas and policies.

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17
Q

What happened to the Catholic Priests who opposed the Nazis?

A

Around 400 Catholic Priests were imprisoned in the “Priests’ Block” at Dachau, the first Concentration Camp, opened in 1933.

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18
Q

Who was Martin Niemoller?

A

A WW1 veteran and a Protestant Pastor.

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19
Q

Did Martin Niemoller fully oppose the Nazis?

A

He was not 100% against them.

20
Q

Why did Martin Niemoller not fully oppose the Nazis?

A

In the 1920s, he had opposed the Weimar Republic as a nationalist because he believed Germany needed a strong leader and that democracy could not offer this.

21
Q

Did Martin Niemoller do anything that directly supported the Nazis?

A

He voted for the Nazis in the 1933 elections and was happy when Hitler was made Chancellor in 1933.

22
Q

Which policies of the Nazis did Martin Niemoller oppose?

A
  • Nazi interference in Protestant Church

- Opposed ban on Jews becoming Christians

23
Q

What did Martin Niemoller discover in 1934?

A

Discovered his phone had been “bugged” by the Gestapo and realised that Germany had become a Totalitarian State.

24
Q

How did Martin Niemoller publicly oppose the Nazis personally?

A

Gradually spoke out against the Nazis more and more.

25
Q

How did the Nazis respond to Martin Niemoller’s opposition?

A

Sent him to the Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp in 1938 after finding him guilty of treason.

26
Q

After being sent to Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp, did Martin Niemoller still have some support for the Nazis?

A

He continued to have mixed feelings about the Nazis and asked to be released from prison to fight for the Nazis in 1939.

27
Q

Did the Nazis do anything after Niemoller revealed his support for them?

A

Later transferred him to the Dachau Concentration Camp where he remained until he was freed in 1945.

28
Q

What made Church Opposition very difficult?

A

The power of the German Police State and the presence of the Gestapo made it very difficult for opposition to organise itself into a big movement.

29
Q

How did ordinary Germans partake in “muted” opposition to the Nazis?

A

Attended Church Services in large numbers, in defiance of the Nazis.

30
Q

Did any ordinary Christians oppose the Nazis openly?

A

Yes, but only a few as few Christians were brave, or foolish enough, to oppose the Nazis openly.

31
Q

What were the three main youth groups that opposed the Nazis?

A
  • The Edelweiss Pirates
  • The Swing Youth
  • The White Rose Movement
32
Q

Where did the Edelweiss Pirates emerge from?

A

The poorer districts of Germany in the late 1930s, which was their main location of operation.

33
Q

What other name did the Edelweiss Pirates call themselves?

A

The “Travelling Dudes” of “Navajos”

34
Q

How did the Edelweiss Pirates identify themselves?

A

Each wore a white flower called an Edelweiss.

35
Q

What type of youth were the members of the Edelweiss Pirates?

A

Teenagers (boys and girls) influenced by American culture.

36
Q

What did the Edelweiss Pirates do when they saw members of the Hitler Youth, their opponents?

A

If they found members of the Hitler Youth they would taunt and even attack them.

37
Q

What did the Edelweiss Pirates actually do?

A

They would get together and camp and sing songs that mocked the Hitler Youth, as well as play jazz in the streets of Germany.

38
Q

Where did the Swing Youth emerge from?

A

This group emerged in richer districts of Germany.

39
Q

How where the Swing Youth similar to the Edelweiss Pirates?

A

They also admired American culture.

40
Q

Apart from emerging from different class areas, how were the Swing Youth different from the Edelweiss Pirates?

A

They would listen to American “swing music” such as the Glenn Miller Orchestra i.e. orchestral jazz, whereas the Edelweiss Pirates listened to regular jazz.

41
Q

Which high-ranking Nazi Official in particular despised both the Edelweiss Pirates and the Swing Youth, and why?

A

Heinrich Himmler, head of the SS, believed that any young person who listened to jazz should be beaten and made to do hard labour.

42
Q

Why were the Edelweiss Pirates and the Swing Youth not seen as a direct threat to the Nazis?

A

They resisted Nazi expectations, but apart from anti-Nazi graffiti, telling anti-Nazi jokes or attacking members of the Hitler Youth, they didn’t do anything organised.

43
Q

Did either the Edelweiss Pirates or the Swing Youth attack Nazi politics?

A

After 1939 the Edelweiss Pirates did begin to attack the government, however it was mainly to do with Nazi culture; they disliked it. They were not directly opposing Nazi Politics.

44
Q

What did the existence of these two groups show?

A

German youth remained unconvinced by Nazi expectations, but the Pirates + the Swing Youth weren’t typical of normal Germans and they did not pose a direct threat to the Nazis.

45
Q

What was the level of membership in these groups like?

A

Compared to membership of the Nazi youth organisations, membership of these groups were very small.

46
Q

How many members did the Nazi youth organisations have from 1932-1939?

A
  • 1933- just over 2 million
  • 1935- 4 million
  • 1939- nearly 9 million

History (7 decks)

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