The Navy

Question 1

Hypothesis

Answer 1

Solution similar to infantry - social development of navies

Attempt to turn naval warfare into an exact science

Question 2

Recap - rise of full-rigged ship as artillery platform

Answer 2

New full rigged sailing ship hybrid between galley and roundship
Developed into high tech artillery platform
Professionals required to operate them

Question 3

Recap - development of professional navy - Venice

Answer 3

Venetian gulf galleys for convoy protection , enforcing rule over Adriatic
Merchant galleys as reserve
Draft and military use of cogs

Question 4

Recap - financing war

Answer 4

Outsourcing, taxes, government bonds, london symbiosis

Question 5

Decline of Iberian empire

Answer 5

Great armada
Wars with France 
Rise of Protestant North Sea powers 
British Dutch rivalry regarding heritage of Iberian colonial empire 
English claim of suzerainty

Question 6

Navies in the 17th century

Answer 6

Lessons learnt from great Armada -

1. Importance of long range artillery
2. Importance of fleet discipline
3. Importance of superior sailing power
4. Importance of communications

Question 7

Internal structure of Royal Navy

Answer 7

Dramatic expansion in size - up to 100 ships per fleet
Permanent navy, built up in times of war
Reinforced by merchant men, but increasingly less (because of standardisation and drill)

Question 8

Naval operations - tasks

Answer 8

Oceanic trade - connecting colonies and mainland, protection from enemies, protecting own merchantmen, harm enemies merchantmen
Tactical elements - control of ports, passages obliges, sea lanes, convoy protection, power projection

Question 9

Recap - personnel training

Answer 9

Hierarchy increasingly sophisticated - flag officers, officers, warrant officers, seamen

Question 10

Anglo-Dutch wars

Answer 10

1652-54:
Oct 16551 navigations act, Dutch ship refuses to salute, blockade of Dutch coast
1665-67:
1664 conquest of new Amsterdam, 1665 battle of Lowestoft, 1666 fighting in Caribbean, 1667 Medway
1672-74:
Nilly-willy because of alliance with France

Question 11

Factors in Anglo-dutch wars

Answer 11

Sequence of British, Dutch attacks
Artillery duel 
Enormous amount of material consumed 
Decisive - drill, discipline 
Brawl at sea

Question 12

Outlook - stalemate and counter techniques

Answer 12

Perfecting the line of battle/fighting instructions

English never beaten but also not beating

Question 13

Conclusion

Answer 13

Striking parallels between infantry and navy - drill to increase fire power, people part of automation, increase in size, hierarchy
Fighting instructions vs using opportunities