The Nature of Memory - Types of LTM Flashcards
what are the first 2 catagories of LTM
Procedural memories and declarative memories
what do procedural memories know
How
what do declarative memories know
that
what is a procedural memory
knowing how to do somthing eg. ride a bike/ how to play drums
what is a semantic memory
memory for facts and knowledge often likened to an encyclopaedia
what is an episodic memory
personal memories of an event often likened to a diary
what type of memories are procedural memories
implicit
what type of memories are semantic and episodic memories
explicit
what do episodic memories include
- details of an event
- its context
- the emotions associated with it
- the relative time it happened
describe a case study supporting different types of LTM
De Renzi et al 1987
- case study of an italian woman who suffered from herpes encephalitis.
- this affected her left temporal lobe and she showed a severe impairment of semantic memory but her episodic memory was relatively undamaged.
describe a piece of research into different types of LTM
Tulving 1989
* he carried out brain scans on 6 volunteers
* Found that when participants were using their episodic memory one part of the brain was particularly active compared to when they were using their semantic memory where a different part of the brain became more active.
who was clive waring
case study
He suffered from a brain infections that attacked his hippocampus causing amnesia. He was a world class musician and still able to play piano but couldnt store any LTM.
give a strength of different types of LTM
there is evidence supporting this such as Tulving’s 1989 brain scans showing that the episodic memory and semantic memory activated different parts of the brain.
Clive wearing who lost his episodic and semantic memory but not his procedural memory
give a weakness of different types of LTM
It has been argued that there are 2 types of LTM not 3. That they are declarative and non-declarative
Evaluate case studies (general not specific)
A weakness of case studies is that they cannot be replicated for practical and ethical reasons this is a weakness because the findings cannot be verified as reliable this means that the results cannot be viewed as reliable.
A weakness of case studies is that reliability of the findings cannot be verified this is because the sample in each case study only consists of one patient this means that the results can be influenced by individual characteristics this means that the findings cannot be generalised to the rest of the population.
