The nature of bonds

Question 1

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 1

electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions

Question 2

what is covalent bonding?

Answer 2

shared pair of electrons between atoms (attraction between negative electrons and positive nuclei)

Question 3

what is metallic bonding?

Answer 3

attraction between lattice of positive metal ions and delocalised outer shell electrons

Question 4

what factors affect the strength of an ionic bond?

Answer 4

• size of ions (smaller=stronger ionic bonding)
• charge on ions (greater charge= stronger ionic bonding)

Question 5

what factors affect the strength of a covalent bond?

Answer 5

• shorter bond = stronger
• triple bonds > double bonds > single bonds

Question 6

what factors affect the strength of metallic bonding?

Answer 6

• size of metal ions (smaller=stronger)
• charge on metal ions (greater charge= stronger)
• no. of delocalised electrons (more on outer shell = stronger attraction between ions and electrons)

Question 7

which elements can fit more than 8 electrons in their outer shells?

Answer 7

elements in period 3 and beyond

Question 8

what is a co-ordinate (or dative covalent) bond?

Answer 8

one where both the electrons come from the same species

Question 9

how are dative bonds drawn?

Answer 9

with an arrow instead of a line, with the arrow showing the direction in which the electrons are donated

Question 10

how do dative (co-ordinate) bonds differ to other covalent bonds once formed?

Answer 10

they don’t! are identical to other covalent bonds once formed

Question 11

why do smaller metal atoms have a stronger attraction when bonding?

Answer 11

more protons (pulls the atom in and make smaller) and more delocalised electrons