The Nature and Variety of Living Organisms

Question 1

What are the characteristics of plants (size, energy source, cell walls and storage of carbohydrates)?

Answer 1

1) multicellular
2) cells contain chloroplasts so can photosynthesise
3) cell walls are made of cellulose
4) store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose

Question 2

Give an example of a plant

Answer 2

Maize or bean plant

Question 3

What are the characteristics of an animal ( size, coordination, storage of carbohydrates)?

Answer 3

1) multicellular
2) no chloroplasts
3) no cell walls
4) usually have nervous coordination
5) store carbohydrates as glycogen

Question 4

Give an example of an animal

Answer 4

Human or mosquito

Question 5

What are the characteristics of fungi (size, energy source, cell walls and storage of carbohydrates)?

Answer 5

1) usually multicellular but can be unicellular
2) use saprotrophic nutrition
3) body organised into a mycelium made from thread like structures called hyphae
3) not able to photosynthesise
4) cell walls are made of chitin
5) may store carbohydrates as glycogen

Question 6

Give an example of fungi

Answer 6

Mucor or yeast

Question 7

What are the characteristics of bacteria (size, energy source, cell walls)?

Answer 7

1) unicellular
2) peptidoglycan cell wall
3) no nucleus but have circular chromosome of DNA
4) some can photosynthesise but most feed off other organisms

Question 8

Give an example of bacteria

Answer 8

Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Pneumococcus

Question 9

What are the characteristics of protoctists?

Answer 9

1) unicellular
2) some have features like an animal cell
3) others are more similar to plants

Question 10

Give an example of an animal like protoctist

Answer 10

Amoeba

Question 11

Give an example of a plant like protoctist

Answer 11

Chlorella

Question 12

Give an example of a pathogen like protoctists

Answer 12

Plasmodium (causes malaria)

Question 13

What are the characteristics of of viruses?

Answer 13

1) tiny particles not cells
2) parasitic and can only reproduce inside host cells
3) no cellular structure
3) infect every type of living organism as DNA is a universal code
4) have a protein coat containing RNA or DNA

Question 14

Give an example of a virus

Answer 14

Influenza virus and AIDS virus

Question 15

What is a pathogen?

Answer 15

A disease causing microorganism which may be bacteria, fungi, protoctists or viruses

Question 16

How does the structure of a virus differ from a bacterium?

Answer 16

1) smaller
2) have protein coat/ no cell walls
3) no cell membrane
4) no flagellum

Question 17

What can all living organisms do?

Answer 17

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion 
Nutrition

Question 18

What are the levels of organisation from smallest to biggest?

Answer 18

1) organelles (e.g. nucleus)
2) cells (e.g. palisade cell)
3) tissues (e.g. muscle tissue)
4) organs (e.g. heart)
5) organ system (e.g. respiratory system)

Question 19

Which organelles do both plant and animal cells possess?

Answer 19

1) ribosomes
2) mitochondria
3) cell membrane
4) cytoplasm
5) nucleus

Question 20

Which organelles are found in plant cells not animal cells?

Answer 20

1) cell wall
2) vacuole
3) chloroplasts

Question 21

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 21

Controls the activities of the cell and stores the DNA

Question 22

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 22

Site of chemical reactions

Question 23

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 23

Controls what goes in and out of the cell

Question 24

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 24

Supports the shape of the cell and is freely permeable to allow water and dissolved substances into the cell

Question 25

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 25

Site of photosynthesis as contain chlorophyll

Question 26

What is the function of the vacuole?

Answer 26

creates pressure making the cell turgid

Question 27

What is meant by the term organ?

Answer 27

Part of body made from tissue which performs a specific function

Question 28

Why do most biologists not classify viruses as living organisms?

Answer 28

1) do not respire

2) can not reproduce without host cell

Question 29

Name 6 organ systems

Answer 29

1) digestive
2) excretory
3) respiratory
4) nervous
5) endocrine
6) reproductive

Question 30

What type of acid is DNA or RNA?

Answer 30

Nucleic acid

Question 31

what is meant by the term tissue?

Answer 31

cells with the same function