The Nature and Variety of Living Organisms Flashcards
What are the characteristics of plants (size, energy source, cell walls and storage of carbohydrates)?
1) multicellular
2) cells contain chloroplasts so can photosynthesise
3) cell walls are made of cellulose
4) store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose
Give an example of a plant
Maize or bean plant
What are the characteristics of an animal ( size, coordination, storage of carbohydrates)?
1) multicellular
2) no chloroplasts
3) no cell walls
4) usually have nervous coordination
5) store carbohydrates as glycogen
Give an example of an animal
Human or mosquito
What are the characteristics of fungi (size, energy source, cell walls and storage of carbohydrates)?
1) usually multicellular but can be unicellular
2) use saprotrophic nutrition
3) body organised into a mycelium made from thread like structures called hyphae
3) not able to photosynthesise
4) cell walls are made of chitin
5) may store carbohydrates as glycogen
Give an example of fungi
Mucor or yeast
What are the characteristics of bacteria (size, energy source, cell walls)?
1) unicellular
2) peptidoglycan cell wall
3) no nucleus but have circular chromosome of DNA
4) some can photosynthesise but most feed off other organisms
Give an example of bacteria
Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Pneumococcus
What are the characteristics of protoctists?
1) unicellular
2) some have features like an animal cell
3) others are more similar to plants
Give an example of an animal like protoctist
Amoeba
Give an example of a plant like protoctist
Chlorella
Give an example of a pathogen like protoctists
Plasmodium (causes malaria)
What are the characteristics of of viruses?
1) tiny particles not cells
2) parasitic and can only reproduce inside host cells
3) no cellular structure
3) infect every type of living organism as DNA is a universal code
4) have a protein coat containing RNA or DNA
Give an example of a virus
Influenza virus and AIDS virus
What is a pathogen?
A disease causing microorganism which may be bacteria, fungi, protoctists or viruses
How does the structure of a virus differ from a bacterium?
1) smaller
2) have protein coat/ no cell walls
3) no cell membrane
4) no flagellum
What can all living organisms do?
Movement Respiration Sensitivity Growth Reproduction Excretion Nutrition
What are the levels of organisation from smallest to biggest?
1) organelles (e.g. nucleus)
2) cells (e.g. palisade cell)
3) tissues (e.g. muscle tissue)
4) organs (e.g. heart)
5) organ system (e.g. respiratory system)
Which organelles do both plant and animal cells possess?
1) ribosomes
2) mitochondria
3) cell membrane
4) cytoplasm
5) nucleus
Which organelles are found in plant cells not animal cells?
1) cell wall
2) vacuole
3) chloroplasts
What is the function of the nucleus?
Controls the activities of the cell and stores the DNA
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
Site of chemical reactions
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls what goes in and out of the cell
What is the function of the cell wall?
Supports the shape of the cell and is freely permeable to allow water and dissolved substances into the cell
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Site of photosynthesis as contain chlorophyll
What is the function of the vacuole?
creates pressure making the cell turgid
What is meant by the term organ?
Part of body made from tissue which performs a specific function
Why do most biologists not classify viruses as living organisms?
1) do not respire
2) can not reproduce without host cell
Name 6 organ systems
1) digestive
2) excretory
3) respiratory
4) nervous
5) endocrine
6) reproductive
What type of acid is DNA or RNA?
Nucleic acid
what is meant by the term tissue?
cells with the same function
