The Musculoskeletal System (P1)

Question 1

Name all 27 bones in the human skeleton

Answer 1

cranium, cervical vertebrae, scapula, ribs, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalangeles, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalangeles, talus, ischium, coccyx, sacrum, pelvis, humerus, sternum, clavicle, mandible.

Question 2

What are articulating bones?

Answer 2

This refers to the bones that meet and move at the joint.

Question 3

What are the two types of joints?

Answer 3

Ball and socket, hinge joint

Question 4

What joint types are ankle, knee, hip, shoulder and elbow and what articulating bones?

Answer 4

ankle: hinge: tibia, fibula, talus
knee: hinge: tibia, femur
hip: ball and socket: femur, pelvis
shoulder: ball and socket: humerus, scapula
elbow: hinge : radius, ulna, humerus

Question 5

What is the sagittal plane?

Answer 5

Divides the body into right and left halves

Question 6

What is the frontal plane?

Answer 6

Divides the body into front and back halves

Question 7

What is the transverse plane?

Answer 7

Divides the body into upper and lower halves.

Question 8

What is the transverse axis?

Answer 8

Runs from side to side across the body

Question 9

What is the sagittal axis?

Answer 9

Runs from front to back

Question 10

What is the longitudinal axis?

Answer 10

Runs from top to bottom

Question 11

What is the definition of flexion?

Answer 11

Decreasing the angle between the bones of a joint.

Question 12

What is the definition of extention?

Answer 12

Increasing the angle between the bones of a joint.

Question 13

What is the definition of plantar flexion?

Answer 13

pointing the toes/ pushing up on to your toes

Question 14

What is dorsi flexion?

Answer 14

Pulling the toes up to the shin

Question 15

What is the definition of hyper extension?

Answer 15

Increasing the angle beyond 180 degrees between the bones of a joint.

Question 16

What joint actions take place in the sagittal plane and transverse axis?

Answer 16

Flexion, extension and hyper extension.

Question 17

What is abduction? and give an example.

Answer 17

Movement away from the mid-line of the body. Moving your arms and legs out to the side away from the body.

Question 18

What is adduction?

Answer 18

The movement towards the mid-line of the body. e.g Lowering the arms and leg towards the sides of the body

Question 19

What is horizontal adduction?

Answer 19

The movement of the arm forward across the body at 90 degrees to shoulder abduction.

Question 20

What is horizontal abduction?

Answer 20

Movement of the arm backwards across the body to shoulder abduction

Question 21

What is an agonist?

Answer 21

The muscle that is responsible for the movement that is occurring.

Question 22

What is an antagonist?

Answer 22

The muscle that works in opposition to the agonist.

Question 23

What is an isotonic contraction?

Answer 23

When a muscle contracts to create movement. Can be concentric or eccentric.

Question 24

What is concentric isotonic contraction? and give an example

Answer 24

When a muscle shortens under tension. e.g The upward phase of an arm curl, the bicep shortens to produce flexion of the elbow.

Question 25

What is eccentric isotonic contraction? and give an example?

Answer 25

When a muscle lengthens under tension or performs negative work and acts like a brake. e.g landing from a standing jump, the quadriceps perform negative work by supporting the weight of the body during landing.

Question 26

What is an isometric contraction? and give an example

Answer 26

When a muscle is under tension but there is no visible movement. A crucifix position in gymnastics.