The Musculoskeletal System (P1) Flashcards
Name all 27 bones in the human skeleton
cranium, cervical vertebrae, scapula, ribs, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalangeles, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalangeles, talus, ischium, coccyx, sacrum, pelvis, humerus, sternum, clavicle, mandible.
What are articulating bones?
This refers to the bones that meet and move at the joint.
What are the two types of joints?
Ball and socket, hinge joint
What joint types are ankle, knee, hip, shoulder and elbow and what articulating bones?
ankle: hinge: tibia, fibula, talus
knee: hinge: tibia, femur
hip: ball and socket: femur, pelvis
shoulder: ball and socket: humerus, scapula
elbow: hinge : radius, ulna, humerus
What is the sagittal plane?
Divides the body into right and left halves
What is the frontal plane?
Divides the body into front and back halves
What is the transverse plane?
Divides the body into upper and lower halves.
What is the transverse axis?
Runs from side to side across the body
What is the sagittal axis?
Runs from front to back
What is the longitudinal axis?
Runs from top to bottom
What is the definition of flexion?
Decreasing the angle between the bones of a joint.
What is the definition of extention?
Increasing the angle between the bones of a joint.
What is the definition of plantar flexion?
pointing the toes/ pushing up on to your toes
What is dorsi flexion?
Pulling the toes up to the shin
What is the definition of hyper extension?
Increasing the angle beyond 180 degrees between the bones of a joint.
What joint actions take place in the sagittal plane and transverse axis?
Flexion, extension and hyper extension.
What is abduction? and give an example.
Movement away from the mid-line of the body. Moving your arms and legs out to the side away from the body.
What is adduction?
The movement towards the mid-line of the body. e.g Lowering the arms and leg towards the sides of the body
What is horizontal adduction?
The movement of the arm forward across the body at 90 degrees to shoulder abduction.
What is horizontal abduction?
Movement of the arm backwards across the body to shoulder abduction
What is an agonist?
The muscle that is responsible for the movement that is occurring.
What is an antagonist?
The muscle that works in opposition to the agonist.
What is an isotonic contraction?
When a muscle contracts to create movement. Can be concentric or eccentric.
What is concentric isotonic contraction? and give an example
When a muscle shortens under tension. e.g The upward phase of an arm curl, the bicep shortens to produce flexion of the elbow.
What is eccentric isotonic contraction? and give an example?
When a muscle lengthens under tension or performs negative work and acts like a brake. e.g landing from a standing jump, the quadriceps perform negative work by supporting the weight of the body during landing.
What is an isometric contraction? and give an example
When a muscle is under tension but there is no visible movement. A crucifix position in gymnastics.
