the muscular system Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

types of muscles

A
  1. cardiac muscles
  2. skeletal muscles
  3. smooth muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

characteristics of cardiac muscles

A
  • does not fatigue
  • involuntary
  • myogenic
    eg walls of heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

characteristics of skeletal muscles

A
  • fatiguing
  • voluntary
  • contract by impulses sent by the brain
    eg triceps, biceps, deltoids, gluteals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

characteristics of smooth muscles

A
  • involuntary
  • controlled by the nervous system
  • control body functions eg movement of food / blood
    eg arteries, veins, bladder, stomach, intestines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

antagonistic muscle pairs

A
  • when a muscle contracts it exerts a pulling force on the bones it’s attached too, causing them to move.
  • muscles must cross the joints that they move, if a muscle does not cross a joint, no movement will occur.
  • when a muscle contracts, one end is normally stationary, while the other is drawn towards it.
  • the stationary is know as the origin and the end that moves is called the insertion
  • muscles do not work in isolation, they are assembled in groups to create movement.
  • they only act by contracting and relaxing, they do not push
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

agonist

A

the muscle that contracts (prime mover)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

antagonist

A

the muscle that relaxes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

synergist

A

a muscle or group of muscles that assists the agonist to work effectively eg the soleus for the gastrocnemius in dorsiflexion at the ankle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

fixator

A

a muscle or group of muscles that stabilise the joint
eg the trapezius during a bicep curl to stop the scapula from moving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

types of muscle contractions

A
  1. isometric
  2. concentric (isotonic)
  3. eccentric (isotonic)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

isometric

A
  • very little or no movement
  • muscle contracts
  • it does not change in length, stays the same
    eg a plank, wall-sit, scrum (stationary)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

concentric (isotonic)

A
  • muscle contracts and shortens
  • known as the upwards phase of a movement (positive phase)
    eg upwards phase of bicep curl / press-up / squat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

eccentric (isotonic)

A
  • muscle lengthens
  • known as the downwards phase in a movement (negative phase)
    eg downwards movement of a bicep curl / press-up / squat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

fibre types

A
  1. type 1
  2. type 2a
  3. type 2x
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

type 1

A
  • slow twitch
  • contracts slowly
  • contracts with less force
  • most resistant to fatigue
  • suited to longer duration, aerobic activities
  • rich blood supply
  • many mitochondria
  • high capacity for aerobic respiration
    eg endurance offence; marathon, triathlon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

type 2a

A
  • fast twitch
  • produce great force when contracting
  • resistant to fatigue
  • fatigue quicker than type 1
  • use oxygen
  • suited to speed, power and strength activities
    eg middle distance events; gymnastics, 400m, weight training
17
Q

type 2x

A
  • fast twitch
  • produce greatest force
  • contract rapidly
  • least resistant to fatigue
  • anaerobic activities
  • depend on anaerobic respiration
  • recruited for high intensity / short duration activites
    eg shot put, javelin
18
Q

all or none law

A
  • in order for a muscle to contract, it muscle receive a nerve impulse.
  • this impulse must be sufficient to activate the motor unit.
  • once activated, all the muscle fibres within the motor unit will contract.
  • if the impulse is not sufficient enough to activate the motor unit, then none of the muscles will contract