The Multi-store Model Of Memory Flashcards
Linear model
Information flows along a straight line
Passive model
Stores DO NOT work together to process information
Sensory memory
Duration: 0.25-4 secs
Encoding: Echoic or iconic
Capacity: sensory information is constantly being processed from our environment but not all is actively payed attention to.
Short-term memory
Capacity: 7+/-2
Encoding: Acoustic
Duration:18 secs
Long term memory:
Capacity: unlimited
Encoding: mainly semantic
Duration: unlimited
Baddeley (word types, LTM)
Ppts were presented with a short list of words which were semantically similar (e.g. Neat/Clean/). They were also given a list of words that acoustically similar (e.g. Heat/Sweet/). Recall tested immediately, and again after a period of time had elapsed. Confusion on lists that sounded similar is evidence that encoding in STM is acoustic.
Conclusion: Confusion on semantically similar lists after a period of time is evidence that LTM uses a semantic code.
+ primacy and recency (ao3)
In a list of 20 words, first 6-8 are elaborated and go into LTM, last 6-8 stay in STM and middle 4-10 are forgotten due to the transfer period.
+ HM (ao3)
Hippocampus was removed to cure epilepsy, personality and intellect remained intact but he could not form new LTMs. Hippocampus thought to be the gateway from STM to LTM. Proves STM and LTM are different stores.
- KF, shallice and Warrington (ao3)
KF (suffered Brain Damage after a motorbike accident). STM was seriously impaired, he had difficulty dealing with verbal information but not visual suggesting STM is NOT a single store.
- case study (ao3)
Unique, hard to generalise, don’t know what people were like before accident etc
- flashbulb memories
–Cannot explain Flashbulb memories, strong vivid memories that go straight from SM to LTM – i.e. London riots (info bypasses STM with the MSM said could not happen)
Peterson and Peterson
X
Baddeley : coding in STM and LTM
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