the motor system (4) Flashcards
what is the basal ganglia?
a group of forebrain nuclei surrounded by white matter.
what 4 components make up the basal ganglia?
- caudate nucleus
- putamen
- globus pallidus
- substantia nigra.
where does information come into the basal ganglia?
the caudate nucleus and putamen (striatum)
where does infrormation leave the basal ganglia?
the globus pallidus.
- info is passed to the thalamus which sends axons to the motor cortex.
what is the flow of info in the basal ganglia?
cortex - caudate/putamen - globus pallidus - brainstem and thalamus - basal ganglia
what role does the substantiate nigra play in the basal ganglia?
it supplies the striatum with dopamine
what types of diseases are associated with damage to the basal ganglia?
excessive movement - huntingtons, tourettes
decreased movement - parkinsons, tardive dyskinesia
what is unique about tardive dyskinesia?
it is a medically enduced type of parkinsons - comes from antipsychotic medicine.
the cerebellum contains … of the neurons in the brain
1/2.
the cerebellum has somatopic representations
the body is mapped onto it
where does the cerebellum receive info from? 4
- the prefrontal cortex
- the primary motor cortex
- the inferior olive
- the somatosensory system
what does the somatosensory system tell us?
info about the current state of the limb or muscle.
where does the cerebellum output its information to?
- thalamus
- red nucleus
- vestibular nuclei
- reticular nucleus
what role does the basal ganglia play in motor control?
- modulates the thalamus
- influences force and strength
- the initiation, amplitude and direction of movement.
what role does the cerebellum play in motor control?
- a role in timing and accuracy of movement, particularly those that have become automatic
