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History > The Middle Ages > Flashcards

The Middle Ages Flashcards

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1
Q

Date

A

500AD-1500AD

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2
Q

Also known as the : because

A

The dark Ages. Europe became a dangerous place as there was no leader due to the fall of the Roman Empire

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3
Q

The feudal system

A

King, lord, noble, knights, peasants

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4
Q

Homage

A

Loyalty to the king

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5
Q

Demesne

A

Home

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6
Q

Knights

A

Soldiers on horseback

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7
Q

Archers

A

Soldiers who use bows and arrows

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8
Q

Vassals

A

Rich and powerful men in the kingdom - also called nobles

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9
Q

In return for renting land from the King, nobles promised to

A

Provide money for the king
Provide knights in the event of war
Provide hospitality in his demesne to the king if he visited

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10
Q

Types of castles

A

Motte and Bailey and stone castle

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11
Q

Motte

A

Risen area that the Keep was built on

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12
Q

Bailey

A

Where slaves and soldiers lived

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13
Q

Moat

A

Trench that runs around the motte and Bailey. Filled with water

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14
Q

Stone castle

A 
Noble lived in the keep
Small slit windows 
Courtyard was surrounded by curtain walls
Ramparts on top of walls
Turrets- towers
Drawbridge and moat
Portcullis- heavy iron gate
Latrines- toilets
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15
Q

Life in the castle

A

Life was grim. No central heating

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16
Q

Tapestry

A

Large pieces of fabric with designs embroidered into them

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17
Q

Rooms in the castle

A

Great hall was where the noble ate
Dungeons stored food and held prisoners
Chapel on the top floor
Solar

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18
Q

Solar

A

A south facing room where the lady sat and weaves tapestries

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19
Q

Food

A

They are rabbit, pork, beef and lamb
Ate with fingers
Food was served on a trencher- large stale piece of bread

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20
Q

Dowry

A

Money or gifts given to the noble

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21
Q

Pastimes

A

Hawking and jousting

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22
Q

Castles under attack

A 
Scaling ladders 
Siege towers- tower on wheels 
Bartering rams
Catapults 
Ballistas- large crossbow
Undermining
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23
Q

Siege

A

Slow attack on a castle

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24
Q

Defenders:

A

Threw boiling water on attacker’s

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25
Q

Men in arms

A

Protects the noble from attack

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26
Q

Types of men in arms

A

Foot soldiers
Archers
Knights

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27
Q

Chivalry

A

The art of being a knight

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28
Q

Stages of becoming a knight

A

Page- 7 years of age, he went to live in the nobles house and learned to read write and ride a horse
Squire- at 14 years of age, he learned to fight, use weapons, and wrestle other squires

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29
Q

How long did it take to become a knight

A

13-15 years

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30
Q

Uniform

A 
Lance- used during jousting 
Sword
Axe
Mace- spiked ball
Hammer
Helmet
Chainmail
Visor- to see out of helmet
Shield
Gauntlet- metal gloves
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31
Q

Knights had to:

A

Provide their own horse and weapons. They were also given land by the king

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32
Q

Tourney

A

Mock battle

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33
Q

Tilt

A

Fence between knights during jousting

34
Q

Manor/grange

A

Village and land surrounding the manor house

35
Q

Manor house

A

Where the noble lived

36
Q

Bailiff

A

Collected rent and taxes for the noble

37
Q

Commons

A

Grassy area where the animals grazed

38
Q

Pannage

A

Forest

39
Q

Types of peasants

A

Serf- owned by the lord. Had to work for 2-3 days a week without pay
Freeman- has to rent land form the lord. Worked less than a serf. Also no payment

40
Q

Tithe

A

One tenth of the farmers crops

41
Q

Pottage

A

Thick veg soup

42
Q

Food

A

Meat at Easter and Christmas
Onions and cabbage
Ale
Salt kept food fresh

43
Q

Open field crop rotation

A

Land divided into three Fields’s
Each peasant had a long strip of land
They rotated what was grown in each field every year so nutrients weren’t lost
Every third year, the field was left fallow

44
Q

Sickle

A

Gathers crops

45
Q

Flail

A

Divided wheat kernels (grains)

46
Q

Boon work

A

When peasants were expected to do more work at harvest time

47
Q

Center of trade

A

Located near rivers , crossroads or close to castles

48
Q

Running of a town

A

Towns men elected a council
Council elected a mayor
All laws and punishments were decided by the council and mayor

49
Q

Sentries

A

Soldiers who watched for attackers

50
Q

Toll

A

Tax to enter to sell goods

51
Q

Market square

A

Where produce is sold

52
Q

Charter

A

Power to run its own affairs in a town

53
Q

Hygiene in a town

A

Streets were narrow and muddy
Rubbish thrown onto streets
Chamber pots for toilets

54
Q

Curfew

A

All fires in homes had to be out after dark

55
Q

Rights gained by a charter

A

They could build walls around the town
Could fix their own prices and taxes
The right to elect aldermen(councilmen)

56
Q

Guild

A

A group of skilled craftsmen in the same trade eg blacksmiths

57
Q

Stages to become a member of a guild

A

Apprentice- aged 12, he became apprentice to a member. 7 years . Learned about his trade
Journeyman- after 7 years, he could offer payment for his work
Master- had to produce a masterpiece to prove he was good enough

58
Q

Stocks

A

Feet

59
Q

Pillory

A

Hands and head

60
Q

Women who gossiped

A

Ducking stool

61
Q

Craftsmen selling bad produce

A

Huddle

62
Q

Cause of the Black Death

A

Fleas on rats

63
Q

Also known as

A

The Bubonic Plague

64
Q

Symptoms

A

Day 1- swellings called buboes appeared in the victims armpits and groin
Day 2- victim vomited and developed a fever
Day 3- bleeding under the skin caused dark blotches to appear
Day 4- nervous system attacked. They suffered spasms
Day 5- sometimes buboes burst and the victim lived. However, Most people died

65
Q

Main religion

A

Christianity

66
Q

Pope

A

Head of the church

67
Q

Dioceses

A

Ruled by bishops.

68
Q

In each dioceses were

A

Parishes run by priests

69
Q

Churches were built to:

A

Show the power of God

70
Q

Types of churches

A

Romanesque and Gothic

71
Q

Romanesque

A 
Had arches
Door and windows rounded at the top
Bell tower was square
Walls thick 
Few windows 
Columns inside the church were big and rounded to support the roof
72
Q

Gothic

A 
Thinner walls and columns
Flying buttresses supported walls
Bigger Windows
Doors and windows pointed at the top
Tall spires
Stained glass pictures in windows
Rose window at the back
Gargoyles reminded church goers of hell
73
Q

Becoming a monk

A
  1. Novice
  2. After two years, he took the solemn vows
  3. His hair was then cut in a tonsure and wore a habit
74
Q

Novice

A

Apprentice to the abbot

75
Q

Solemn vows

A

Poverty- give up all possessions
Chasity- never marry or have a family
Obedience- follow rules of the monastery

76
Q

Tonsure

A

Hair shaved in the middle

77
Q

Habit

A

Tunic with a hood

78
Q

Buildings in a monastery

A 
Church 
Cloister- walled courtyard
Abkots house 
Dormitory
Guest house 
Refectory 
Chapter house- where all business took place
Infirmary
Scriptorium
79
Q

Jobs in a monastery

A 
Prior- abbots assistant 
Cellarer- organized purchases from merchants 
Infirmian- cared for sick monks
Guest masters- tended to visitors 
Almoner- looked after poor people .
80
Q

Alms

A

Money and food

History (8 decks)

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