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The Middle Ages Flashcards

1
Q

Date

A

500AD-1500AD

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2
Q

Also known as the : because

A

The dark Ages. Europe became a dangerous place as there was no leader due to the fall of the Roman Empire

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3
Q

The feudal system

A

King, lord, noble, knights, peasants

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4
Q

Homage

A

Loyalty to the king

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5
Q

Demesne

A

Home

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6
Q

Knights

A

Soldiers on horseback

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7
Q

Archers

A

Soldiers who use bows and arrows

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8
Q

Vassals

A

Rich and powerful men in the kingdom - also called nobles

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9
Q

In return for renting land from the King, nobles promised to

A

Provide money for the king
Provide knights in the event of war
Provide hospitality in his demesne to the king if he visited

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10
Q

Types of castles

A

Motte and Bailey and stone castle

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11
Q

Motte

A

Risen area that the Keep was built on

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12
Q

Bailey

A

Where slaves and soldiers lived

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13
Q

Moat

A

Trench that runs around the motte and Bailey. Filled with water

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14
Q

Stone castle

A 
Noble lived in the keep
Small slit windows 
Courtyard was surrounded by curtain walls
Ramparts on top of walls
Turrets- towers
Drawbridge and moat
Portcullis- heavy iron gate
Latrines- toilets
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15
Q

Life in the castle

A

Life was grim. No central heating

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16
Q

Tapestry

A

Large pieces of fabric with designs embroidered into them

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17
Q

Rooms in the castle

A

Great hall was where the noble ate
Dungeons stored food and held prisoners
Chapel on the top floor
Solar

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18
Q

Solar

A

A south facing room where the lady sat and weaves tapestries

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19
Q

Food

A

They are rabbit, pork, beef and lamb
Ate with fingers
Food was served on a trencher- large stale piece of bread

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20
Q

Dowry

A

Money or gifts given to the noble

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21
Q

Pastimes

A

Hawking and jousting

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22
Q

Castles under attack

A 
Scaling ladders 
Siege towers- tower on wheels 
Bartering rams
Catapults 
Ballistas- large crossbow
Undermining
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23
Q

Siege

A

Slow attack on a castle

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24
Q

Defenders:

A

Threw boiling water on attacker’s

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25
Men in arms
Protects the noble from attack
26
Types of men in arms
Foot soldiers Archers Knights
27
Chivalry
The art of being a knight
28
Stages of becoming a knight
Page- 7 years of age, he went to live in the nobles house and learned to read write and ride a horse Squire- at 14 years of age, he learned to fight, use weapons, and wrestle other squires
29
How long did it take to become a knight
13-15 years
30
Uniform
``` Lance- used during jousting Sword Axe Mace- spiked ball Hammer Helmet Chainmail Visor- to see out of helmet Shield Gauntlet- metal gloves ```
31
Knights had to:
Provide their own horse and weapons. They were also given land by the king
32
Tourney
Mock battle
33
Tilt
Fence between knights during jousting
34
Manor/grange
Village and land surrounding the manor house
35
Manor house
Where the noble lived
36
Bailiff
Collected rent and taxes for the noble
37
Commons
Grassy area where the animals grazed
38
Pannage
Forest
39
Types of peasants
Serf- owned by the lord. Had to work for 2-3 days a week without pay Freeman- has to rent land form the lord. Worked less than a serf. Also no payment
40
Tithe
One tenth of the farmers crops
41
Pottage
Thick veg soup
42
Food
Meat at Easter and Christmas Onions and cabbage Ale Salt kept food fresh
43
Open field crop rotation
Land divided into three Fields’s Each peasant had a long strip of land They rotated what was grown in each field every year so nutrients weren’t lost Every third year, the field was left fallow
44
Sickle
Gathers crops
45
Flail
Divided wheat kernels (grains)
46
Boon work
When peasants were expected to do more work at harvest time
47
Center of trade
Located near rivers , crossroads or close to castles
48
Running of a town
Towns men elected a council Council elected a mayor All laws and punishments were decided by the council and mayor
49
Sentries
Soldiers who watched for attackers
50
Toll
Tax to enter to sell goods
51
Market square
Where produce is sold
52
Charter
Power to run its own affairs in a town
53
Hygiene in a town
Streets were narrow and muddy Rubbish thrown onto streets Chamber pots for toilets
54
Curfew
All fires in homes had to be out after dark
55
Rights gained by a charter
They could build walls around the town Could fix their own prices and taxes The right to elect aldermen(councilmen)
56
Guild
A group of skilled craftsmen in the same trade eg blacksmiths
57
Stages to become a member of a guild
Apprentice- aged 12, he became apprentice to a member. 7 years . Learned about his trade Journeyman- after 7 years, he could offer payment for his work Master- had to produce a masterpiece to prove he was good enough
58
Stocks
Feet
59
Pillory
Hands and head
60
Women who gossiped
Ducking stool
61
Craftsmen selling bad produce
Huddle
62
Cause of the Black Death
Fleas on rats
63
Also known as
The Bubonic Plague
64
Symptoms
Day 1- swellings called buboes appeared in the victims armpits and groin Day 2- victim vomited and developed a fever Day 3- bleeding under the skin caused dark blotches to appear Day 4- nervous system attacked. They suffered spasms Day 5- sometimes buboes burst and the victim lived. However, Most people died
65
Main religion
Christianity
66
Pope
Head of the church
67
Dioceses
Ruled by bishops.
68
In each dioceses were
Parishes run by priests
69
Churches were built to:
Show the power of God
70
Types of churches
Romanesque and Gothic
71
Romanesque
``` Had arches Door and windows rounded at the top Bell tower was square Walls thick Few windows Columns inside the church were big and rounded to support the roof ```
72
Gothic
``` Thinner walls and columns Flying buttresses supported walls Bigger Windows Doors and windows pointed at the top Tall spires Stained glass pictures in windows Rose window at the back Gargoyles reminded church goers of hell ```
73
Becoming a monk
1. Novice 2. After two years, he took the solemn vows 3. His hair was then cut in a tonsure and wore a habit
74
Novice
Apprentice to the abbot
75
Solemn vows
Poverty- give up all possessions Chasity- never marry or have a family Obedience- follow rules of the monastery
76
Tonsure
Hair shaved in the middle
77
Habit
Tunic with a hood
78
Buildings in a monastery
``` Church Cloister- walled courtyard Abkots house Dormitory Guest house Refectory Chapter house- where all business took place Infirmary Scriptorium ```
79
Jobs in a monastery
``` Prior- abbots assistant Cellarer- organized purchases from merchants Infirmian- cared for sick monks Guest masters- tended to visitors Almoner- looked after poor people . ```
80
Alms
Money and food

History (8 decks)

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