The Menstrual Cycle

Question 1

What do female hormones control?

Answer 1

EVERYTHING

Question 2

What are the female reproductive organs?

Answer 2

vagina, uterus, two fallopian tubes, and two ovaries

Question 3

What produces the hormones used in the reproductive cycle?

Answer 3

hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and the ovaries

Question 4

What happens during puberty?

Answer 4

hormones trigger the completion of the process

Question 5

How many ovas are released every month?

Answer 5

One, usually alternates between left and right

Question 6

Luteal phase

Answer 6

day 14 - day 28, estrogen stimulates endometrium to thicken to prepare to receive an embyo

Question 7

What happens right after ovulation?

Answer 7

estrogen levels drop rapidly

Question 8

What does the corpus luteum secrete?

Answer 8

progesterone

Question 9

Proliferation phase

Answer 9

Lasts about 9 days; mucous membrane secretes a clear, thin mucous to facilitate passage of sperm

Question 10

What is PMS?

Answer 10

wild range of recurrent symptoms that occur during the luteal phase of last half of menstrual cycle and resolve with onset with onset of menstruation

Question 11

What is PMS thought to be related to?

Answer 11

the interaction between hormonal events and neurotransmitter function, specifically serotonin

Question 12

What are some common symptoms of PMS?

Answer 12

breast tenderness & swelling, abdominal bloating, irritability, cramping, depression, fatigue

Question 13

What is a more severe variant of PMS?

Answer 13

premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Question 14

What are some treatments for PMS?

Answer 14

reduce stress, exercise, balanced diet, decreased caffeine, stop smoking, vitamin supplements, medications

Question 15

Dysmenorrhea

Answer 15

painful periods

Question 16

What is the primary cause of dysmenorrhea

Answer 16

increased prostaglandin production of the endometrium in an ovulatory cycle

Question 17

What is the secondary cause of dysmenorrhea?

Answer 17

pelvic or uterine pathology

Question 18

What is amenorrhea?

Answer 18

absence of menses during the reproductive years

Question 19

What is endometriosis

Answer 19

ectopic menstrual tissue, which responds to hormones as if it was inside the uterus

Question 20

What are two common symptoms of endometriosis?

Answer 20

pain and infertility

Question 21

When does peri-menopause occur?

Answer 21

2 - 8 years priod to menopause

Question 22

What is menopause?

Answer 22

cessation of regular menses for one year

Question 23

What is the average age of menopause?

Answer 23

51 (look to mother to predict)

Question 24

What does a man need to fertilize an egg?

Answer 24

Have sufficient amounts of normal sperm that are capable of traveling up through the woman’s uterus to the fallopian tubes

Question 25

What two things must exist to achieve a pregnancy

Answer 25

sperm has to be able to be deposited near the cervix, sperm count has to be adequate