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World History I Exam 2 > The Medieval World - Part 2 > Flashcards

The Medieval World - Part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Medieval world part 2 chronology

A

1337 - 1453 Hundred Years’ War between England& France

1347 - 1352 Black Death (the plague) devastates Europe (1st main wave)

1350 - 1600 The Renaissance (using a broad time span)

1378 - 1417 The great western schism

1440s Movable Metal type used in printing -Johann Gutenberg

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2
Q

Hundred Years’ War between England& France

A

1337 - 1453

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3
Q

Black Death (the plague) devastates Europe (1st main wave)

A

1347 - 1352

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4
Q

The Renaissance (using a broad time span)

A

1350 - 1600

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5
Q

The great western schism

A

1378 - 1417

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6
Q

Movable Metal type used in printing -Johann Gutenberg

A

1440s

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7
Q

Spanish Inquisition (who it was organized under, its purpose & its methods )

A

-organized under the RC monarchs Ferdinand & Isabella

-to combat heresy

-its methods included torture, confiscation & burning

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8
Q

What was the Black Death

A

Combination of bubonic & pneumonic plagues

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9
Q

Major European point of entry for Black Death

A

Through the shipping ports of Sicily

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10
Q

What was the Black Death plague like?

A

Episodic

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11
Q

Black Death cause

A

A bacterium

Unscientific medieval Europeans had no true idea what was causing the carnage

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12
Q

Black Death different forms of manifestation

A

Bubonic

Pneumonic

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13
Q

Transmission to humans

A

Bubonic: rats disembark & carry fleas

Pneumonic: by coughing or sneezing

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14
Q

Responses to the Black Death

A

Flagellants sought a purging by flogging themselves

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15
Q

Black Death consequences

A

In some respects the Black Death may have weakened the RCC & paved the way for reformation

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16
Q

Avignon papacy (what happened)

A

Bishop of Rome (pope) moves from Rome to Avignon, France -under the control of French kings

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17
Q

During the Avignon papacy where did the pope move? Under whose control ?

A

From Rome to France (Avignon)

Under the control of French kings

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18
Q

RCC developments

A

Patronage

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19
Q

Types of patronage

A

Pluralism

Absenteeism

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20
Q

What happened in the great western schism?

A

Pope Clement took up arms against Pope Urban & attacked Rome,
being repulsed, Clement fled to Avignon

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21
Q

What was the result of the great western schism?

A

One pope in Rome, one in Avignon

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22
Q

Solution to the western schism

A

The conciliar movement

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23
Q

What is a conciliar movement?

A

Notion that a universal council, representing the entire church, had more authority than the pope

24
Q

What are the different councils

A

Pisa council

Council of Constance

25
Q

Pisa council

A

Cardinals then selected a new pope

Problem: the two other popes refused to accept the decision of the council & now there were three popes
(Roman pope, Avignon pope, conciliar pope)

26
Q

Council of Constance

A

Two of the competing popes were deposed or “resigned “

27
Q

What did the conciliar movement achieve?

A

The conciliar movement eventually ended the RCC multi-pope dilemma

28
Q

Who translated the first English Bible?

A

John Wycliffe

29
Q

He was a Prague professor charged with heresy, tried, convicted & burned at the stake

A

John Huss

30
Q

Who wins the Hundred Years’ War?

A

France wins

31
Q

What happened to Joan of Arc?

A

The English burned her at the stake -she was abandoned to her fate by the French king

Eventually canonized a RC Saint

32
Q

Significance / results of the Hundred Years’ War

A

Increased nationalism -the war established England & France as clearly distinct nations

33
Q

The war of the roses (who won and who died)

A

Henry Tudor won the war

Henry’s eldest son, Arthur, died

34
Q

In Spain, who married?

A

Ferdinand married Isabella

35
Q

Fernando and Isabella (who they were and what they did )

A

Spanish “Catholic sovereigns”

“Completed” the reconquista (re-conquest)

36
Q

What is the reconquista?

A

A “crusade” designed to oust Muslims who had invaded Spain

37
Q

The “electors” in Germany (who were they and what did they have)?

A
  • Princes of the Holy Roman Empire who hold the right to elect the holy Roman emperor, aka the German king
  • possessed considerable independence within their domains
38
Q

Renaissance meaning

A

French word meaning “rebirth”

39
Q

Where did the renaissance move across?

A

Renaissance moved across the Alps

40
Q

How did the Renaissance become known moving north?

A

Moving north, it became known as the northern Renaissance

41
Q

What is the high Renaissance?

A

Time when artistic work reached a “peak” of perfection

42
Q

Aspects /facets of the Renaissance

A

Humanism

Secularism

Individualism

43
Q

Humanism

A

Term with multiple dimensions

Cultural movement that emphasized rediscovery of Ancient Greek and Roman ideas/values

44
Q

Secularism

A

The Renaissance era tended to emphasize secular concerns, it did not seek to fully exclude God

45
Q

Individualism

A

A school of thought emphasizing the importance of the individual

46
Q

Where did Renaissance take place?

A

Renaissance began in northern Italy

Florence ( Firenze) is best identified as the cultural center or “heart “ of Renaissance life

47
Q

Why did Renaissance take place?

A

Italian leaders possessed disposable income for patronage ( sponsorship) of the arts

48
Q

What did Johann Gutenberg do?

A

“invented” movable metal type -fashioned single letters & words out of metal -these could be combined in trays to form words or sentences

49
Q

Cosimo de Medici

A

Ruled Florence

The de Medici family made money through banking

50
Q

Leonardo da Vinci

A

True “Renaissance man” (multi -talented)

51
Q

Girolamo Savonarola

A

Preached against papal immorality

52
Q

Desiderius Erasmus ( important for exam )

A

Dutch scholar

Referred to as the “Prince of humanists”

53
Q

Niccolo Machiavelli (important for exam)

A

Wrote The Prince

Stress / emphasis: what is effective over what is ethical

54
Q

Michelangelo Buonarroti

A

He paints the Sistine chapel ceiling

55
Q

Raphael

A

Notable work: school of Athens

56
Q

William Shakespeare

A

Works provide a study on human personality

World History I Exam 2 (4 decks)

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