Rome's "Legacy": Byzantium, The Papacy, & The RCC Flashcards
Rome’s legacy chronology (ad)
440 Roman bishop ( Leo I) claims supremacy over other bishops
843 restoration of icons in the eastern Church
1054 “great schism” (East - west) begins (ends 1965)
1204 Constantinople attacked as part of the fourth crusade
1453 Constantinople falls to the ottoman Turks
440 ad
Roman bishop ( Leo I) claims supremacy over other bishops
843 ad
Restoration of icons in the eastern church
1054
“Great schism” (east-west) begins (1965 ends)
1204 ad
Constantinople attacked as part of the 4th crusade
1453 ad
Constantinople falls to the ottoman Turks
Roman bishop (Leo 1) claims supremacy over other bishops
440 ad
Restoration of icons in the eastern church
843 ad
“Great schism” (East - west) begins (1965 ends)
1054 ad
Constantinople attacked as part of the 4th crusade
1204 ad
Constantinople falls to the ottoman Turks
1453 ad
What is canonization in the RCC?
The definitive sentence by which the pope declares a particular dead person to have already entered into heavenly glory & ordains for the new “saint” a public cult throughout the Church
Ottoman Empire. What is it? Where is it established and who established it? What would it ultimately do?
Muslim empire of the Turks.
Established in northern Asia Minor by Osman I
Would ultimately capture Constantinople
What is Seljuk?
Turkish dynasty that ruled parts of Asia Minor
What was Constantinople called previously? What’s it called today?
Byzantium
presently known as Istanbul (Turkey)
What was the advantage of Constantinople’s site?
Strategically located for commercial & political influence
Byzantine history summarized by periods
Expansion
Peril
Recovery
Disintegration
Byzantine expansion period
Reign of Justinian
Byzantine peril period
- The iconoclastic controversy
A) icons were religious images used to foster worship - flat pictures, mosaics
B) iconoclasts (people) tried to destroy all icons - The veneration of icons was allowed and they remain a part of Eastern Orthodoxy
Byzantine recovery period
Byzantium experienced a “golden age”
Byzantine disintegration period
Byzantine empire began to fall apart
Lost at manzikert to Muslim Seljuk Turks
Reasons for the Byzantine empire’s endurance
O it possessed a money economy, as opposed to a barter economy
O possessed advanced military science - “Greek fire” worked like napalm (fire bomb or flame thrower)
O it was a centralized administration
O “caesaropapism” - church/state link enhanced unity and stability
Theological authority in three main branches of Christianity
- orthodox (Greek/eastern): the internal witness of the promised Holy spirit keeps the truth
2.RCC asserts spiritual authority in: tradition, the pope, & the scriptures
- Protestantism asserts that spiritual authority rests in the inerrant word of God(sola scriptura)
What do the Greek or Eastern Orthodox Church emphasize in their theology?
Sanctification with justification being virtually absent
What brought an upsurge in the papacy’s rise/position/authority?
Barbarian invasions
What factors is the pope’s claim of supreme authority based on?
- Petrine theory
- Apostolic succession
What is the Petrine theory?
The RCC insists that Christ gave to Peter a special rank as the 1st bishop of Rome & leader of the apostles - Peter was the 1st pope & all subsequent popes inherited his authority
What is the apostolic succession?
Refers to bishops tracing a direct line of authority through the apostles back to Christ
What terms can be used interchangeably for pope?
Pope
Papacy (office)
Holy See
Pontiff
Does the NT mention Peter serving as bishop of Rome?
No, this is a legend
How many popes from Peter to Francis?
266 popes
What does it mean when the pope speaks “ex-cathedra”?
The Pope speaks from the chair.it is viewed by the RCC as possessing divine authority equal to that of God in scripture - infallible
To speak from the chair…
To speak “ex-cathedra”
How is the medieval world commonly termed?
The “middle ages”
Role of the RCC in the Middle Ages
It functioned as the “social cement”
It performed many of the record-keeping, judicial & welfare functions
Which are the early developments of the RCC - dissemination?
- Patrick (Ireland)
- king Clovis (franks)
- Arian Visigoths & king Recared (Spain)
- Gregory I (“Gregory the great” ): pope
RCC dissemination: Patrick Ireland - when?
Patrick “evangelized” Ireland early in the 5th century - facts confused by legend
RCC dissemination - who is Clovis?
King of the franks
RCC dissemination- who was Spain under?
Under the rule of the Arian Visigoths
King Recared officially proclaimed the conversion of the people to Catholicism
RCC dissemination - what did the pope Gregory I “Gregory the great “ do?
- Acted as ruler of Rome
- took measures to promote clerical celibacy
- affirmed the existence of a place of purification and thus gave impetus to the development of the doctrine of purgatory
RCC religious practices
- Purgatory
- sacraments
- saints
- relic
Explain the religious practice of purgatory
“A place or state in which are detained the souls of those who die in grace, in friendship with God, but with the blemish of venial sin or with temporal debt for sin unpaid. Here the soul is purged, cleansed, readied for eternal union with God in heaven.”
Suffering in purgatory
Explain the religious practice of sacraments. What are the different sacraments? (7)
They are an efficacious sign of grace
-baptism
-Holy Eucharist
-penance or confession
-confirmation
-holy orders
-extreme unction
Explain the baptism sacrament
It washes away the stain of Adam’s original sin
It unites person with RCC
Explain the holy Eucharist sacrament
It’s the heart of the mass worship service
Transubstantiation: At the priests words, the elements actually become the body and blood of Christ
What is transubstantiation?
At the priest’s words, the elements actually become the body and blood of Christ
Explain the penance or confession sacrament
Priest privately listens to a person confessing sins which are then forgiven
The forgiven sinner is assigned some prayers to say and works to be done as penance
Explain the confirmation sacrament
Faith publicly affirmed, holy spirit received
Explain the holy orders or ordination sacrament
Priests are sanctioned for their work by a bishop
Explain the extreme unction sacrament
“Last rites “given by a priest to someone near death for forgiveness of sins
Explain the religious practice of saints
Some may have become canonized “saints “
Explain the religious practice of relic
A religious object associated with a religious leader or the body part of such
