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World History I Exam 2 > Rome's "Legacy": Byzantium, The Papacy, & The RCC > Flashcards

Rome's "Legacy": Byzantium, The Papacy, & The RCC Flashcards

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1
Q

Rome’s legacy chronology (ad)

A

440 Roman bishop ( Leo I) claims supremacy over other bishops
843 restoration of icons in the eastern Church
1054 “great schism” (East - west) begins (ends 1965)
1204 Constantinople attacked as part of the fourth crusade
1453 Constantinople falls to the ottoman Turks

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2
Q

440 ad

A

Roman bishop ( Leo I) claims supremacy over other bishops

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3
Q

843 ad

A

Restoration of icons in the eastern church

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4
Q

1054

A

“Great schism” (east-west) begins (1965 ends)

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5
Q

1204 ad

A

Constantinople attacked as part of the 4th crusade

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6
Q

1453 ad

A

Constantinople falls to the ottoman Turks

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7
Q

Roman bishop (Leo 1) claims supremacy over other bishops

A

440 ad

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8
Q

Restoration of icons in the eastern church

A

843 ad

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9
Q

“Great schism” (East - west) begins (1965 ends)

A

1054 ad

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10
Q

Constantinople attacked as part of the 4th crusade

A

1204 ad

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11
Q

Constantinople falls to the ottoman Turks

A

1453 ad

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12
Q

What is canonization in the RCC?

A

The definitive sentence by which the pope declares a particular dead person to have already entered into heavenly glory & ordains for the new “saint” a public cult throughout the Church

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13
Q

Ottoman Empire. What is it? Where is it established and who established it? What would it ultimately do?

A

Muslim empire of the Turks.
Established in northern Asia Minor by Osman I
Would ultimately capture Constantinople

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14
Q

What is Seljuk?

A

Turkish dynasty that ruled parts of Asia Minor

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15
Q

What was Constantinople called previously? What’s it called today?

A

Byzantium
presently known as Istanbul (Turkey)

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16
Q

What was the advantage of Constantinople’s site?

A

Strategically located for commercial & political influence

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17
Q

Byzantine history summarized by periods

A

Expansion
Peril
Recovery
Disintegration

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18
Q

Byzantine expansion period

A

Reign of Justinian

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19
Q

Byzantine peril period

A
  1. The iconoclastic controversy
    A) icons were religious images used to foster worship - flat pictures, mosaics
    B) iconoclasts (people) tried to destroy all icons
  2. The veneration of icons was allowed and they remain a part of Eastern Orthodoxy
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20
Q

Byzantine recovery period

A

Byzantium experienced a “golden age”

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21
Q

Byzantine disintegration period

A

Byzantine empire began to fall apart

Lost at manzikert to Muslim Seljuk Turks

22
Q

Reasons for the Byzantine empire’s endurance

A

O it possessed a money economy, as opposed to a barter economy

O possessed advanced military science - “Greek fire” worked like napalm (fire bomb or flame thrower)

O it was a centralized administration

O “caesaropapism” - church/state link enhanced unity and stability

23
Q

Theological authority in three main branches of Christianity

A
  1. orthodox (Greek/eastern): the internal witness of the promised Holy spirit keeps the truth

2.RCC asserts spiritual authority in: tradition, the pope, & the scriptures

  1. Protestantism asserts that spiritual authority rests in the inerrant word of God(sola scriptura)
24
Q

What do the Greek or Eastern Orthodox Church emphasize in their theology?

A

Sanctification with justification being virtually absent

25
Q

What brought an upsurge in the papacy’s rise/position/authority?

A

Barbarian invasions

26
Q

What factors is the pope’s claim of supreme authority based on?

A
  1. Petrine theory
  2. Apostolic succession
27
Q

What is the Petrine theory?

A

The RCC insists that Christ gave to Peter a special rank as the 1st bishop of Rome & leader of the apostles - Peter was the 1st pope & all subsequent popes inherited his authority

28
Q

What is the apostolic succession?

A

Refers to bishops tracing a direct line of authority through the apostles back to Christ

29
Q

What terms can be used interchangeably for pope?

A

Pope
Papacy (office)
Holy See
Pontiff

30
Q

Does the NT mention Peter serving as bishop of Rome?

A

No, this is a legend

31
Q

How many popes from Peter to Francis?

A

266 popes

32
Q

What does it mean when the pope speaks “ex-cathedra”?

A

The Pope speaks from the chair.it is viewed by the RCC as possessing divine authority equal to that of God in scripture - infallible

33
Q

To speak from the chair…

A

To speak “ex-cathedra”

34
Q

How is the medieval world commonly termed?

A

The “middle ages”

35
Q

Role of the RCC in the Middle Ages

A

It functioned as the “social cement”

It performed many of the record-keeping, judicial & welfare functions

36
Q

Which are the early developments of the RCC - dissemination?

A
  • Patrick (Ireland)
  • king Clovis (franks)
  • Arian Visigoths & king Recared (Spain)
  • Gregory I (“Gregory the great” ): pope
37
Q

RCC dissemination: Patrick Ireland - when?

A

Patrick “evangelized” Ireland early in the 5th century - facts confused by legend

38
Q

RCC dissemination - who is Clovis?

A

King of the franks

39
Q

RCC dissemination- who was Spain under?

A

Under the rule of the Arian Visigoths

King Recared officially proclaimed the conversion of the people to Catholicism

40
Q

RCC dissemination - what did the pope Gregory I “Gregory the great “ do?

A
  • Acted as ruler of Rome
  • took measures to promote clerical celibacy
  • affirmed the existence of a place of purification and thus gave impetus to the development of the doctrine of purgatory
41
Q

RCC religious practices

A
  • Purgatory
  • sacraments
  • saints
  • relic
42
Q

Explain the religious practice of purgatory

A

“A place or state in which are detained the souls of those who die in grace, in friendship with God, but with the blemish of venial sin or with temporal debt for sin unpaid. Here the soul is purged, cleansed, readied for eternal union with God in heaven.”

Suffering in purgatory

43
Q

Explain the religious practice of sacraments. What are the different sacraments? (7)

A

They are an efficacious sign of grace

-baptism
-Holy Eucharist
-penance or confession
-confirmation
-holy orders
-extreme unction

44
Q

Explain the baptism sacrament

A

It washes away the stain of Adam’s original sin

It unites person with RCC

45
Q

Explain the holy Eucharist sacrament

A

It’s the heart of the mass worship service

Transubstantiation: At the priests words, the elements actually become the body and blood of Christ

46
Q

What is transubstantiation?

A

At the priest’s words, the elements actually become the body and blood of Christ

47
Q

Explain the penance or confession sacrament

A

Priest privately listens to a person confessing sins which are then forgiven

The forgiven sinner is assigned some prayers to say and works to be done as penance

48
Q

Explain the confirmation sacrament

A

Faith publicly affirmed, holy spirit received

49
Q

Explain the holy orders or ordination sacrament

A

Priests are sanctioned for their work by a bishop

50
Q

Explain the extreme unction sacrament

A

“Last rites “given by a priest to someone near death for forgiveness of sins

51
Q

Explain the religious practice of saints

A

Some may have become canonized “saints “

52
Q

Explain the religious practice of relic

A

A religious object associated with a religious leader or the body part of such

World History I Exam 2 (4 decks)

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