The Medici Family Test Flashcards
Used as a pawn by the Florentines, traded for the safety of the city wen they surrendered to the army of Giovanni and Guilio; married to French prince at 14
Catherine de Medici
Who excommunicated Martin Luther?
Pope Leo X
Who was run out of Florence and exiled for 9 years, returned with an army to invade Florence, was later welcomed after becoming pope
Giovanni de Medici (Pope Leo X)
Who refused Henry VIII’s divorce, leading to England’s establishing the first Protestant nation?
Pope Clement VII
Was pope when Germans sacked Rome under Holy Roman Emperor Charles V; his poor negotiation skills were largely to blame for the attack
Guilio de Medici (Clement VII)
Hired by Florentine government to set up defenses for Florence against Giovanni and Guilio de Medici; assembled a national militia
Niccolo Machiavelli
Forced by Pope Leo X to sculpt Medici tombs in Florence
Michelangelo
Sold papal indulgences to pay off his debt
Giovanni de Medici (Pope Leo X)
Son of Guiliano who was adopted by Lorenzo
Guilio de Medici (Clement VII)
Lorenzo’s son who became the youngest cardinal in history; Medici money bought him the papacy; he became Pope Leo X
Giovanni de Medici
Became Pope Clement VII after the longest conclave in history, it took him two years to be elected.
Guilio de Medici
His statue of David became a symbol for Florence’s hatred of Medici
Michelangelo
Wrote “The Prince”, a cynical book describing the realities of politics in his day; dedicated it to the Medici to gain their patronage
Niccolo Machiavelli
Dissected corpses to learn human anatomy
Leonardo de Vinci
Helped de Medici cousins get army to invade Florence after their exile
Pope Julius II
Wrote to his brother, “God has given us the papacy; let us enjoy it.”
Giovanni de Medici (Pope Leo X)
Employed nepotism when he made Guilio cardinal of Florence.
Pope Leo X
After the cardinals attempted his assassination, he created hundreds of jobs in the Vatican and sold them to his friends to make money and protect his position, much like mafia don.
Giovanni de Medici (Pope Leo X)
Completed what his cousin began; splitting the church and starting a war in Europe.
Guilio de Medici (Clement VII)
Popes could excommunicate (throw from the church and damn forever) Christians guilty of _________, which was believing anything other than what the church preached.
HERESY
____________, who built the dome of the Florence Cathedral, was both architect and engineer
BRUNELLESCHI
Florentines came to watch the construction of the dome. One of the things that amazed them was Brunelleschi’s use of the classical orders of ________, which hadn’t been used since the fall of Rome.
ARCHITECTURE
Although Brunelleschi examined the construction of the dome of the Roman Pantheon, he couldn’t use the same techniques because of the size of the dome and because the recipe for making _______ had been lost.
CONCRETE
Brunelleschi also devised a way to alter the ________ on pulleys so the oxen could pull the 1700-pound sandstone beams 250 feet into the air and return them to the ground without changing direction.
GEARS
Brunelleschi was jailed and forced to stop work on Il Duomo (the dome) when his patron was found guilty of treason against ____________.
FLORENCE
Cosimo escaped from the tower that was his prison by ________ the guards
BRIBING
When Cosimo was finally asked to return to Florence, he had even more power and prestige. The Medici banks became the most important banks in Europe as they collected money for the __________.
POPE
Cosimo de Medici’s patronage of Baldesari Cossa paid off when Cosa became Pope __________________.
JOHN XXIII
Marcello Fantoni: “Patronage is great for the production of art but totally irrational from an economic view. ____________ is a political strategy… high political competition.
PATRONAGE
Florence was proud to be the only __________ in Europe; but the government was often corrupt.
REPUBLIC
Seventy percent of all Renaissance ________ lived and worked in Florence
ARTISTS
Brunelleschi also invented linear _____________. According to Jeremy Brotton, this invention changed the way we see, creating a modern way of looking at the world
PERSPECTIVE
The bronze sculpture of David by ________ was the first free-standing statue created since ancient Rome.
DONATELLO
Once II Duomo was finished, Cosimo organized the _____________ of Florence, which brought people from all over the world to his city; included were scholars who knew and could translate Greek the ancient Greek tests the Cosimo and his friends had been searching for.
GENERAL COUNCIL
In 1517, attached his 95 These on the door of Wittenberg Cathedral
Martin Luther
T or F: Lorenzo de Medici married Clarice Orsini because she was beautiful and he was in love with her.
False
T or F: The system of patronage used by the Medici family to operate Florence and Tuscany, in which people are personally loyal to a family that looks out for them in return, was similar to the system used by the Mafia to control Southern Italy.
True
T or F: The Pazzi, a rival banking family, tried to have Lorenzo and his sister killed Easter Sunday 1478 in the Florentine cathedral.
False
T or F: Lorenzo survived, and his supporters hanged the conspirators, including two relatives of the pope from the government building windows.
True
T or F: When Lorenzo returned to Florence, he was named “II Magnifico” and asked to take over the government of Florence; he agreed
False
T or F: Monks hired by the Pazzi killed Guiliano by shooting him to death.
False
T or F: For 20 years, the Florentines benefited from Lorenzo’s public generosity, his “spending virtuously” on buildings, art, festivals, and entertainments.
True
T or F: In the “Bonfires of the Vanities,” Savonarola and his followers burned books, makeup, clothes, wigs, art, and jewelry.
True
T or F: Botticelli’s paintings like The Birth of Venus are religious rather than humanistic.
False
T or F: Girolamo Savonarola was a Dominican priest who worked for Lorenzo.
False
T or F: Michelangelo and Botticelli fought against Savonarola.
False
T or F: Eventually Botticelli either changed his mind about what subjects are appropriate for his own paintings or he feared the repercussions his art might bring because he threw some of his own paintings on Savonarola’s “Bonfire of the Vanities.”
True
T or F: When Lorenzo died in 1492, Savonarola forgave him on his deathbed.
False
T or F: After Lorenzo’s death, Savonarola gained control of the city; his bands of “skinhead” teens roamed the city beating up prostitutes, burning homosexuals, and harassing anyone wearing jewelry, makeup, or elaborate clothes as well as anyone still owning dice or cards.
True
T or F: When Lorenzo’s banks began to fail, the ‘amici delle amici’ (friends of friends) system of influence began to break down because there weren’t enough personal favors to go around.
True
