Humanities: Naturalism Flashcards
_________ was considered the center of the cult of the Virgin throughout the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.
Chartres
The _______________ was considered the most cherished relic at the Chartres Cathedral.
tunic Mary wore at Jesus’ birth
The chief purpose of the stained-glass programs in all Gothic cathedrals was
to tell the stories of the Bible.
One of the stained glass windows at the Chartres Cathedral shows the
genealogy of Christ
The window called ________ depicts the Virgin Mary as descended from Jesse, the father of King David, Thus fulfilling a prophecy in the book of Isaiah.
“Tree of Jesse”
In a gothic church, the ________ was traditionally built against an exterior wall to provide support for more windows and brace it against strong winds.
flying buttress
The figure of Saint Theodore found on the jamb of Chartres’ south transept portal stands in a ________ position.
contrapposto
The _________________ is a collection of musical works created by many composers which provided music for all the feast days of the Church calendar.
Magnus Libri Organi
___________ is a four-part polyphonic composition intended to be sung in the middle of the Christmas Mass at Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris.
Viderunt Omnes
The minimum number of voices included in a motet is …
three
The trivium consisted of:
Grammar, Rhetoric, Dialectic
_____ was the first city to found a university, establishing itself as a center for the study of law.
Bologna
______ was mandatory, and students studied ______ in all courses of their first four years of study.
Latin
____________ played a significant role in organizing theology students in Paris.
Robert de Sorbon
_________ a logician and author of the treaties Sic et Non taught by the dialectical method.
Peter Abelard
Peter Abelard, a logician and author of the treaties __________ taught by the dialectical method.
Sic et Non
Trotula is widely recognized as the author of ____________
On the Diseases of Women
_________ wrote the Summa Theologiae and was one of the prominent spokesmen for Scholasticism.
Thomas Aquinas
The Gothic church at _______ features the highest ratio of glass to stone.
Sainte-Chapelle
___________ is credited with painting the fresco known as the Allegory of Good Government.
Ambrogio Lorenzetti
By the twelfth century, _______ was the center of textile production in the Western world and played a central role in European trade markets.
Florence
Florentine bankers introduced Europe’s first single currency, __________
the gold florin
The gold florin was considered the most important contribution of Florence’s bankers and money lenders to ______________
world trade
_____________ formed the Opera del Duomo, or Department of Works of the Duomo, a committee in charge of building a new cathedral.
Arte dei Lana
The _____________ and _____________ were both mendicant orders: that is, they neither held property nor engaged in business, relying for their support on contributions from their communities.
Dominicans and Franciscans
The accomplishments of Pope Innocent III consisted of:
Formalized the Church hierarchy
Gave full sanction to the doctrine of transubstantiation
Made annual confession and Easter communion mandatory for all adult Christians.
____________ is credited with painting the Maseta (Virgin and Child), which once hung in the council chamber of SIena’s Palazzo Pubblico.
Simone Martini
According to an old story, one day Cimabue discovered a talented shepherd boy by the name of ___________ and tutored him in the art of painting. The pupil soon surpassed the teacher.
Giotto di Bondone
___________ is credited for being the author of the Divine Comedy.
Dante Alighiere
When Dante and Virgil reach the lowest level of Hell, they found Satan himself chewing on the worst of all traitors;
Judas, Cassius, and Brutus
__________ the love of his life, serves as Dante’s guide through Paradise.
Beatrice
____________ provides a startling description of Florence during an outbreak of the plague.
The Decameron
__________ is composed of heroic couplets.
The Canterbury Tales
__________ is credited with being the author of The Canterbury Tales.
Geoffrey Chaucer
Charcer’s characters come from all three estates, or social ranks:
the nobility, the clergy, the common people
___________ is credited with being the author of Book of the City of Ladies.
Christine de Pizan
