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National 5 History > The Making of Modern Britain > Flashcards

The Making of Modern Britain Flashcards

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1
Q

What did the term Laissez Faire mean?

A

the government would not provide things like housing, healthcare sickness+unemployment benefits or pensions

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2
Q

What was the problem with slum housing

A

Dirty drinking water
lack of toilets
damp rooms
rubbish and filth
no sunlight + little ventilation
cramped

This resulted in disease

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3
Q

What did the Poor Law do?

A

gave poor relief
-money, rent, food, clothes, or the poor house (Scotland)
-Workhouse(England)

Hated
-seen as humiliation
-split up families

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4
Q

What charities helped the poor?

A

Salvation army
Dr Barnardos
NSPCC
Temperance society (got people off alchohol)
Rich people

-humiliated having to rely on charity

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5
Q

What were Insurance companies and Friendly societies?

A

encouraged the poor to put small weekly amounts into policies
(sickness or unemployment benefits)

-only rich people could afford this

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6
Q

Name problems of poverty

A

30% of people lived in it
Slums=disease)
countryside = no water supply
Children who lived left school at young age to provide for families

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7
Q

Name causes of Poverty

A

Large Families
Death of Breadwinner
Low wages
Disability
Ill Health
Old age

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8
Q

How did the Boer War change attitudes to poverty?

A

1/3 of recruits were unfit
height limit had to be lowered

-made government aware of ill health

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9
Q

How did Booth and Rowntree change attitudes to Poverty?

A

1/3 in york and 1/3 in London lived in poverty
the poverty was primary

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10
Q

How did National efficiency change attitudes to poverty?

A

Britain needed a strong workforce to trade with other countries

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11
Q

How did the Fear of the Labour Party change attitudes to poverty

A

political parties realized they had to offer support to the working class to help them get votes

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12
Q

How did WW2 change attitudes to Poverty?

A

Evacuation (mixed classes)
Rationing (sense of sharing) (rich went in poor shoes)
Bombing (community spirit developed) (stories from poor to rich)
Beveridge report

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13
Q

Name the Liberal welfare reforms

A

Provisions of meals act 1906
Administrative provisions act 1907
Children’s charter 1908
Old age pension act 1908
Nat insurance part 1
Labour exchanges act

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14
Q

Name the 5 giants

A

Disease
Want
Idleness
Ignorance
Squalor

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15
Q

What labour welfare tackled disease

A

NHS established 1948
Free doctors and opticians and dentists

Cost millions per month so charges introduced on specs and dental

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16
Q

What labour reform tackled want

A

Nat insurance act 1948
26 for men
46 for married
Pensions

Not provided to those who were not in work and made no contributions

17
Q

What labour reform tackled squalor

A

New towns act 1946
Twelve towns planned
High level of homelessness

18
Q

What labour reform tackled ignorance

A

Education act1944
Provided all education until age 15

Afraid to combine academics w less educated ppl

19
Q

What labour reform tackled unemployment

A

Nationalisation of industries

Unprofitable industries were given money to keep business running and avoid job losses

20
Q

Why did Women get the Vote

A

Sympathetic Politicians
Reward for War work
Campaign for Suffragists (march in edin. showed support)
Suffragettes destroy property
Heckling MP’s (churchill in Dundee)

21
Q

Which industries were declining

A

Coal - replaced by electricity

Jute prod. in dundee - businessmen moved production to Calcutta - no need for sandbags

Farming - loss of men to the army and also the loss of many horses, as they too were taken for military service.

Shipbuilding - no longer needed post war

Factory based jobs - lack of Gov. Funding

Decline in Heavy Industries - poor relationship w scotland

Foreign competition - cheap and efficient elsewhere

22
Q

What did Women do during the war

A

Textiles - soldier uniforms
Mechanics
Land Army
Munitions Factories - 9000 worked in Gretna
Nurses on front
Ambulance drivers
Train and tram drivers

23
Q

Solution to Poverty

A

Poor Law
Voluntary Help
Insurance companies and friendly societies

24
Q

Suffragettes militant methods

A

Slash paintings
Smash windows
Set fire to Perth and Ayre race courses
acid on golf courses
Heckle MP’s (Churchill in Dundee)
Henry H Asquith assaulted on Golf course
Chained themselves to important buildings
Threw stones at cars of MP’s
Hunger strikes

25
Q

What are the Findings of Booth and Rowntree

A

1/3 of london liove in poverty
1/3 of york live in poverty
Poverty was primary
Rowntree established poverty line

26
Q

Why did people like the beveridge report

A

Proposed to help all, not just select groups

remove the means test - seen as humiliating

Identified 5 giants was met with approval of public

Suggestion of NHS

Suggestion of national insurance in the event of unemployment

Introducing pensions was popular among the elderly

27
Q

What are the Labour Reforms

A

Education act
New towns
National insurance
NHS
Nationalisation of industries

28
Q

Changing attitudes to Poverty

A

Boer war (height limit)

Booth and Rowntree (primary poverty)

National efficiency (strong workforce to trade)

Influence of Germany (they had sick pay-Lloyd George and Churchill wanted that for Britain)

Rise of Labour party (liberals realised they had to offer support from the working class to get votes)

New Liberalism (Lloyd George and Churchill had a want to tackle poverty- gov should intervene)

29
Q

What percentage of London lived in poverty

A

30.7%

30
Q

What percentage of York lived in Poverty

A

27.8%

31
Q

Describe the Gov. aattitude to poverty

A

Laissez Faire

Samuel Smiles

Secondary

If people got help from gov, they would be reliant and lazy

32
Q

How Suffragettes harmed their cause to gain the vote

A

Militancy - women got bad publicity

Smashing windows - angered business owners

Emily Davidson - derby incident outraged nation

slashing paintings - upset public

chaining themselves to buildings - nuisance

not supporting war effort - unpatriotic

National 5 History (3 decks)

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