The Era of the Great War (Scottish Topic) Flashcards
Suffragettes and Suffragists
Which is Militant? Which is Peaceful?
Suffragettes = Militant (deeds, not words)
Suffragists = Peaceful
What did the Suffragettes and Suffragists fight for?
Women’s right to vote
What were methods used by the Suffragists?
Leaflets
Petitions
Speeches and Marches
What was the Representation of the People Act
Men over 21 could vote
Women over 30 years old could vote if they were either a member or married to a member of the Local Government Register.
Some seats were redistributed to industrial towns.
Why were Scottish Industries declining
Jute from Dundee - sandbags not needed post war
Shipbuilding on Clyde - lack of orders/need
Iron and Steel - no need for weapons
Foreign Competition - produce goods cheaper and more efficiently
Coal - replaced by electricity
Heavy industries - poor relationships with other countries (bought elsewhere)
Facts about the Battle of Loos
30,000 Scots took part
Chlorine gas blew back due to wind
Battalions from every Scottish regiment fought at loos
21,000 killed at loos, 7000 scots
What was the Battle of the Somme?
Haig was commander
60,000 died on day 1
Boys Brigade Battalion suffered 500 casualties
Hearts Battalion suffered 75% casualties
Why did Scots sign up for war?
Propaganda (sense of duty, martial tradition, conscience)
Peer Pressure
Pals Battalions
Poverty
Patriotism
What was introduced in 1916 that made men sign up for war?
conscription (18-41yr old men)
What were concientious objectors?
people who did not to fight in the war for religious or moral or political reasons
What was an alternativist?
Someone who wouldn’t fight in war but to an alternative job (carry a stretcher maybe)
What was an absolutist?
someone who would do nothing to help the war
When was rationing introduced
1918
What did women do during the war?
worked in munitions factories (guns)
worked for the land army (due to blockade)
worked as nurses on the front
Ambulance drivers
What were the rent strikes?
ordinary people protesting increasing rent prices
How many people were permanently unemployed in Scotland?
100,000
What was the Red Clydeside?
When the clyde workers commitee opposed the munitions act (which prevented people from striking or leaving work)
When people would also opposed rent increases
Eventually CWC led a campaign to reduce working hours from 54 to 40 which helped unemployment and create jobs for soldiers
Reasons as to why Scots signed up for War
Boredom
Propaganda
Be a Hero
Pals Battalions
Back by Christmas
Peer Pressure
Wage
Patriotism
White Feather Campaign
What weapons were used on the front
Tank
Machine gun
Artillery - constant bombardment - barbed wire bad
Gas - element of surprise - subject to wind
Rifle - kill up close - no long range - barbed wire bad
Plane - take pics of enemy trench - broke if too fast
Why was rationing introduced
German U boats - sinking food
Concern for shortages - lead to malnutrition- Gov need strong healthy soldiers
Soldiers - had to reserve food for soldiers on front
Voluntary rationing failed - ensure everyone got a share of food
Slow rising prices - feared poor ppl would go hungry
Fear of Riots - no negative morale - no war effort
Lack of skilled farmers -production suffered
What were some Terms of Dora
Censorship - keep morale high
Illegal to discuss war matters - stop spread of secrets
Gov would read private letters - stop secrets
BST introduced
Limit alcohol
No binoculars
No kites or fireworks - attract zepplins
Describe the treatment of Conchies
shunned from society (white feather
Dyce work cap in Aberdeen (250)
Hard Labour (breaking granite 10x a day)
Harsh conditions (tents w straw beds)
Why people became conchies
Moral grounds
Religious groups (pacifists
previous fighting experience (scared)
Scotland and UK not directly threatened (thought it was wrong)
Did not want to be soldiers (negotiation)
Members of Independent Labour party (against moral beliefs)
Describe Trench conditions
Rats (disease)
Trench foot (waterlogged trenched)
Trench mouth (brushing teeth)
shell shock ( constant artillery bombardment)
mudd (uncomfortable)
waterlogged (difficult to move)
lice (many shaved heads)
Describe Military tactics
Over the top - travel through no mans land
Artillery Bombardment - constant bombing
Flank- attack enemy from behind on no man’s land
Attacking at dusk - poor visibility
Events of the rent strikes
Glasgow housing women’s association set up-encourage to strike
Crowded staircases
Flower bombs
Posted lookouts
