The Lower Leg, Ankle, & Foot Muscles

Question 1

The anterior compartment muscles are?

Answer 1

Anterior tib, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallicus longus, fibularis tertius

Question 2

Origin of anterior tibialis

Answer 2

Upper 2/3 of the lateral surface of the tibia

Question 3

Insertion of anterior tibialis

Answer 3

Inner surface of the medial cuneiform and the base of the 1st met

Question 4

Origin of extensor digitorum longus

Answer 4

Lateral tibial condyle + head of fibula + upper 2/3 of the anterior surface of the fibula

Question 5

Insertion of extensor digitorum longus

Answer 5

Tops of the middle and distal phalanxes of 2-5

Question 6

Origin of extensor hallicus longus

Answer 6

Middle 2/3 of the medial surface of the anterior fibula

Question 7

Insertion of hallicus longus

Answer 7

Base of the distal phalanx of the great toe

Question 8

Origin of fibularis tertius

Answer 8

Distal 1/3 of the anterior fibula

Question 9

Insertion of the fibularis tertius

Answer 9

Superior aspect of the base of the 5th met

Question 10

The lateral compartment muscles are?

Answer 10

Fibularis longus & fibularis brevis

Question 11

Origin of fibularis longus

Answer 11

Head and upper 2/3 of the lateral fibula

Question 12

Insertion of fibularis longus

Answer 12

Undersurfaces of the medial cuneiform and 1st met

Question 13

Origin of fibularis brevis

Answer 13

Mid to lower 2/3 of the lateral fibula

Question 14

Insertion of fibularis brevis

Answer 14

Tuberosity of the 5th met

Question 15

The superficial posterior compartment muscles are?

Answer 15

Gastrocnemius, soleus, & plantaris

Question 16

Origin of the medial head of the gastroc

Answer 16

Posterior surface of the medial femoral condyle

Question 17

Origin of the lateral head of the gastroc

Answer 17

Posterior surface of the lateral femoral condyle

Question 18

Insertion of the gastroc

Answer 18

Posterior surface of the calcaneus via the achilles tendon

Question 19

Origin of the soleus

Answer 19

Posterior surface of the proximal fibula and proximal 2/3 of posterior tibia

Question 20

Insertion of soleus

Answer 20

Posterior surface of the calcaneus via the achilles tendon

Question 21

Origin of plantaris

Answer 21

Inferior part of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the lateral femoral condyle -> just above lateral gastroc

Question 22

The deep posterior compartment muscles are?

Answer 22

Posterior tibialis, popliteus, flexor hallicus longus, & flexor digitorum longus

Question 23

Origin of posterior tib

Answer 23

Posterior surface of the upper 1/2 of the interosseous membrane and the adjacent surfaces of tibia and fibula

Question 24

Insertion of posterior tib

Answer 24

Inferior surface of the navicular tuberosity, cuneiform, and cuboid/base of 2nd, 3rd, 4th met’s

Question 25

Origin of flexor digitorum longus

Answer 25

Middle 1/3 of the posterior surface of the tibia

Question 26

Insertion of flexor digitorum longus

Answer 26

Base of the distal phalanx of digits 2-5

Question 27

Origin of flexor hallicus longus

Answer 27

Middle 2/3 of the posterior fibula

Question 28

Insertion of flexor hallicus longus

Answer 28

Base of the distal phalanx of the great toe

Question 29

Origin of popliteus

Answer 29

Posterior surface of the lateral condyle of the femur

Question 30

Insertion of popliteus

Answer 30

Upper posterior medial surface of the tibia

Question 31

Plantar muscles: Layer 1 (superficial)

Answer 31

Abductor hallicus, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi *each arise from calcaneous*

Question 32

Origin of flexor digitorum brevis

Answer 32

Tuberosity of calcaneus / plantar aponeurosis

Question 33

Insertion of flexor digitorum brevis

Answer 33

Medial and lateral aspects of 2-5 middle phalanxes

Question 34

Origin of abductor digiti minimi

Answer 34

Tuberosity of calcaneus / plantar aponeurosis

Question 35

Insertion of abductor digiti minimi

Answer 35

Lateral aspect of 5th proximal phalanx

Question 36

Origin of abductor hallicus

Answer 36

Tuberosity of calcaneus / plantar aponeurosis + flexor retinaculum

Question 37

Insertion of abductor hallicus

Answer 37

Medial aspect of the base of the 1st proximal phalanx

Question 38

Plantar muscles: Layer 2 (formed by 2 muscles and 2 tendons)

Answer 38

Quadratus plantea, lumbricals, flexor hallicus longus tendon, flexor digitorum longus tendon

Question 39

Origin of the medial head of the quadratus plantae

Answer 39

Medial surface of calcaneus

Question 40

Origin of the lateral head of the quadratus plantae

Answer 40

Lateral border of the inferior surface of the calcaneus

Question 41

Insertion of the quadratus plantae

Answer 41

Lateral margin of flexor digitorum longus tendon

Question 42

Origin of lumbricals

Answer 42

Tendons of flexor digitorum longus

Question 43

Insertion of lumbricals

Answer 43

Dorsal surface of 2-5 proximal phalanxes

Question 44

Plantar muscles: Layer 3

Answer 44

Flexor hallicus brevis, adductor hallicus, flexor digiti minimi brevis

Question 45

Origin of flexor hallicus brevis

Answer 45

Cubiod & lateral cuneiform

Question 46

Insertion of medial head of the flexor hallicus brevis

Answer 46

Medial aspect of the first proximal phalanx

Question 47

Insertion of the lateral head of the flexor hallicus brevis

Answer 47

Lateral aspect of the first proximal phalanx

Question 48

Origin of the oblique head of the adductor hallicus

Answer 48

2-4 metatarsals and sheath of fibularis longus tendon

Question 49

Origin of the transverse head of the adductor hallicus

Answer 49

Plantar metarsphalangeal ligaments of 3-5 phalanges and transverse metatarsal ligaments

Question 50

Insertion of adductor hallicus

Answer 50

Lateral aspect of base of 1st proximal phalanx

Question 51

Origin of flexor digiti minimi brevis

Answer 51

Base of 5th met & sheath of fibularis longus tendon

Question 52

Plantar muscles: Layer 4 (also formed by 2 tendons and 2 muscles)

Answer 52

Interossei (4 dorsal and 3 plantar), tibialis posterior tendon, & fibularis longus tendon

Question 53

Origin of plantar interossei

Answer 53

Bases and medial shafts of 3-5th mets

Question 54

Insertion of plantar interossei

Answer 54

Medial aspects of bases of 3rd-5th proximal phalanxes

Question 55

Origin of dorsal interossei

Answer 55

2 heads on shafts of adjacent to metatarsals

Question 56

Insertion of Doral interossei

Answer 56

1st: medial aspect of 2nd proximal phalanx / 2nd-4th: lateral aspects of 2-4 proximal phalanxes