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Tudor and Stuart Britain > The Little Tudors > Flashcards

The Little Tudors Flashcards

1
Q

What years did Edward VI reign? Mary?

A

1547-1553
1553-1558

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2
Q

Who “reigned” between Edward and Mary? For how long?

A

Lady Jane Grey
nine days

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3
Q

What economic challenge was the country facing during the reign of the little Tudors? Why?

A

Inflation - food prices went up 25% between 1547 and 1549
scarcity and devaluation of coinage

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4
Q

Who was Edward VI’s mother? Who oversaw his education?

A

Jane Seymour
Catherine Parr

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5
Q

Who was Catherine Parr? What were her beliefs?

A

Henry’s last wife who outlived him, she was protestant

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6
Q

Who was Lord Protector when Edward VI took the throne?

A

Edward Seymour, duke of Somerset

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7
Q

What was up with Thomas Seymour?

A

Edward VI’s uncle, Edward and Jane Seymour’s brother. Created issues by marrying Catherine Parr. After Catherine’s death, he tried to marry Elizabeth to ensure his political relevance. Executed by Edward Seymour

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8
Q

What was dynastically significant about Edward VI’s rule? What was the same as the past?

A

Dynasty was stable enough to deal with a child king, big change from the 1400s; still dangerous to be an official near the monarch

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9
Q

When was the Chantries Act? What did it say?

A

1547
confiscated chantries to get money for the Crown
stated that purgatory did not exist
a few chantries were turned into grammar schools

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10
Q

When was the first Book of Common Prayer put out? What did it do? Who was behind it?

A

1549
puts Mass in English and creates new script for religious services
Thomas Cranmer

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11
Q

Where was the 1549 rebellion? What was it called? What was it about?

A

Devon and Cornwall - they hated the Book of Common Prayer and (specifically the Cornish) disagreed with Mass being in English (cultural resistance)

Prayer Book Rebellion

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12
Q

What destructive action was common with the late 1540s/early 1550s? What would they destroy?

A

Iconoclasm
Stained glass, rood screens, statues, paintings, etc.

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13
Q

Why was it hard for landowners to raise rent?

A

leases were usually for several generations

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14
Q

What did landowners do to get some extra money?

A

They enclosed common land - they claimed that the common land was theirs instead of communal

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15
Q

How did Somerset feel about land enclosures? What did he do?

A

He thought it was causing poverty, so he limited them. He also began taxing sheep.

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16
Q

Why was this a bad call for Somerset?

A

He was angering the only population of people that could vote - the landowners.

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17
Q

What was the “Rough Wooing”? What victory was led personally by Somerset?

A

Attempt to get Edward VI to marry Mary QoS. Scots were against this, so England took a more militant approach. English were victorious at Pinkie in 1547 under Somerset.

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18
Q

In what areas was Somerset successful? How did the public feel about him?

A

successful military leader, unpopular

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19
Q

When did Kett’s Rebellion occur? Where? What was it about?

A

1549
Norfolk
Landowners were upset about the enclosure limitations

20
Q

What was the government’s response to Kett’s Rebellion?

A

Brutal response, killing many

21
Q

What did all of these rebellions lead to?

A

Somerset was forced out

22
Q

Who replaced Somerset? When?

A

John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, 1549

23
Q

What was Northumberland like?

A

He was scheming, cynical, had few morals

24
Q

What further reform took place in the early 1550s? What year?

A

new Prayer Book in 1552 - stated that there was no real presence in the Eucharist, also added a communion table instead of an altar

25
Q

What did the reforms do for Northumberland?

A

allowed him to plunder revenue from the bishoprics

26
Q

What happened in 1553?

A

Edward VI was dying and Northumberland persuaded him to change the succession

27
Q

Who did the throne go to? Why did Northumberland want this?

A

Edward’s cousin, Lady Jane Grey (instead of Mary) who had some blood claim (Henry VIII’s sister’s daughter)
Northumberland wanted this because Jane was married to his son

28
Q

Why did “Queen Jane” not last?

A

population rallied around Mary as legitimate heir as she marched on London from East Anglia

29
Q

Who was blamed for this coup (rightfully so)?

A

Northumberland -> executed

30
Q

What did the rallying around Mary show about the English people?

A

They still supported the Latin tradition

31
Q

Who was made Lord Chancellor? What was his former title under Henry VIII?

A

Stephen Gardiner, bishop of Winchester

32
Q

What act did Mary I repeal?

A

Act of Supremacy - re-instituting the Pope

33
Q

Which cousin did Mary I bring in? What was his role?

A

Reginald Pole - to supervise bringing the English Church back in to the Roman fold

34
Q

What about the monastic lands?

A

they were not restored.

35
Q

Why was the Catholic Church different from how it was when Mary was a child?

A

Council of Trent greatly narrowed the scope of the Church

36
Q

Who did many Protestants want Mary to marry?

A

They wanted her to marry Edward Courtney, a popular Englishman with his own blood claim to the throne

37
Q

Who did she marry instead? When?

A

Philip II of Spain in 1554

38
Q

Why did Gardiner and others not like this choice?

A

They didn’t want England to become a Spanish satellite.

39
Q

When was Wyatt’s Rebellion? What was the plan? What happened?

A

1554
The plan was to pressure Mary I into marrying Edward Courtney. It was a failure.

40
Q

What did Mary learn from Wyatt’s Rebellion? What should she have learned?

A

She grew to believe that Protestants were disloyal.
She should have learned that her marriage ideas were unpopular.

41
Q

How did Mary I now view Protestants?

A

As heretics!

42
Q

What did she want the Protestants to do? What happened instead?

A

She wanted them to recant their beliefs. Instead, they doubled down and became martyrs for English Protestantism. Many were burned at the stake, including Thomas Cranmer, and bishops Hugh Latimer and Nicholas Ridley

43
Q

What is the big deal with these martyrs/heretics?

A

Their deaths planted anti-Catholic and anti-Spanish seeds in the minds of the English people (specifically Protestants/evangelicals)

44
Q

When did Mary I die? How was her relationship with the Pope?

A

She died in November 1558. She was on the outs with the Pope because he had sided with France during a war.

45
Q

What did England lose? What year?

A

Calais, the last English territory in France, lost in 1558

46
Q

Who dies the same day as Mary?

A

Reginald Pole, v dramatic

Tudor and Stuart Britain (7 decks)

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