The Little Tudors Flashcards
What years did Edward VI reign? Mary?
1547-1553
1553-1558
Who “reigned” between Edward and Mary? For how long?
Lady Jane Grey
nine days
What economic challenge was the country facing during the reign of the little Tudors? Why?
Inflation - food prices went up 25% between 1547 and 1549
scarcity and devaluation of coinage
Who was Edward VI’s mother? Who oversaw his education?
Jane Seymour
Catherine Parr
Who was Catherine Parr? What were her beliefs?
Henry’s last wife who outlived him, she was protestant
Who was Lord Protector when Edward VI took the throne?
Edward Seymour, duke of Somerset
What was up with Thomas Seymour?
Edward VI’s uncle, Edward and Jane Seymour’s brother. Created issues by marrying Catherine Parr. After Catherine’s death, he tried to marry Elizabeth to ensure his political relevance. Executed by Edward Seymour
What was dynastically significant about Edward VI’s rule? What was the same as the past?
Dynasty was stable enough to deal with a child king, big change from the 1400s; still dangerous to be an official near the monarch
When was the Chantries Act? What did it say?
1547
confiscated chantries to get money for the Crown
stated that purgatory did not exist
a few chantries were turned into grammar schools
When was the first Book of Common Prayer put out? What did it do? Who was behind it?
1549
puts Mass in English and creates new script for religious services
Thomas Cranmer
Where was the 1549 rebellion? What was it called? What was it about?
Devon and Cornwall - they hated the Book of Common Prayer and (specifically the Cornish) disagreed with Mass being in English (cultural resistance)
Prayer Book Rebellion
What destructive action was common with the late 1540s/early 1550s? What would they destroy?
Iconoclasm
Stained glass, rood screens, statues, paintings, etc.
Why was it hard for landowners to raise rent?
leases were usually for several generations
What did landowners do to get some extra money?
They enclosed common land - they claimed that the common land was theirs instead of communal
How did Somerset feel about land enclosures? What did he do?
He thought it was causing poverty, so he limited them. He also began taxing sheep.
Why was this a bad call for Somerset?
He was angering the only population of people that could vote - the landowners.
What was the “Rough Wooing”? What victory was led personally by Somerset?
Attempt to get Edward VI to marry Mary QoS. Scots were against this, so England took a more militant approach. English were victorious at Pinkie in 1547 under Somerset.
In what areas was Somerset successful? How did the public feel about him?
successful military leader, unpopular
When did Kett’s Rebellion occur? Where? What was it about?
1549
Norfolk
Landowners were upset about the enclosure limitations
What was the government’s response to Kett’s Rebellion?
Brutal response, killing many
What did all of these rebellions lead to?
Somerset was forced out
Who replaced Somerset? When?
John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, 1549
What was Northumberland like?
He was scheming, cynical, had few morals
What further reform took place in the early 1550s? What year?
new Prayer Book in 1552 - stated that there was no real presence in the Eucharist, also added a communion table instead of an altar
What did the reforms do for Northumberland?
allowed him to plunder revenue from the bishoprics
What happened in 1553?
Edward VI was dying and Northumberland persuaded him to change the succession
Who did the throne go to? Why did Northumberland want this?
Edward’s cousin, Lady Jane Grey (instead of Mary) who had some blood claim (Henry VIII’s sister’s daughter)
Northumberland wanted this because Jane was married to his son
Why did “Queen Jane” not last?
population rallied around Mary as legitimate heir as she marched on London from East Anglia
Who was blamed for this coup (rightfully so)?
Northumberland -> executed
What did the rallying around Mary show about the English people?
They still supported the Latin tradition
Who was made Lord Chancellor? What was his former title under Henry VIII?
Stephen Gardiner, bishop of Winchester
What act did Mary I repeal?
Act of Supremacy - re-instituting the Pope
Which cousin did Mary I bring in? What was his role?
Reginald Pole - to supervise bringing the English Church back in to the Roman fold
What about the monastic lands?
they were not restored.
Why was the Catholic Church different from how it was when Mary was a child?
Council of Trent greatly narrowed the scope of the Church
Who did many Protestants want Mary to marry?
They wanted her to marry Edward Courtney, a popular Englishman with his own blood claim to the throne
Who did she marry instead? When?
Philip II of Spain in 1554
Why did Gardiner and others not like this choice?
They didn’t want England to become a Spanish satellite.
When was Wyatt’s Rebellion? What was the plan? What happened?
1554
The plan was to pressure Mary I into marrying Edward Courtney. It was a failure.
What did Mary learn from Wyatt’s Rebellion? What should she have learned?
She grew to believe that Protestants were disloyal.
She should have learned that her marriage ideas were unpopular.
How did Mary I now view Protestants?
As heretics!
What did she want the Protestants to do? What happened instead?
She wanted them to recant their beliefs. Instead, they doubled down and became martyrs for English Protestantism. Many were burned at the stake, including Thomas Cranmer, and bishops Hugh Latimer and Nicholas Ridley
What is the big deal with these martyrs/heretics?
Their deaths planted anti-Catholic and anti-Spanish seeds in the minds of the English people (specifically Protestants/evangelicals)
When did Mary I die? How was her relationship with the Pope?
She died in November 1558. She was on the outs with the Pope because he had sided with France during a war.
What did England lose? What year?
Calais, the last English territory in France, lost in 1558
Who dies the same day as Mary?
Reginald Pole, v dramatic
