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Henry V111-English Society in the reign of Henry V111 > The Lincolnshire Rising and The Pilgrimage of Grace > Flashcards

The Lincolnshire Rising and The Pilgrimage of Grace Flashcards

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1
Q

When did the rising begin in Lincolnshire?

A

October 1536

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2
Q

What was the geography of the rebellion ?

A

Started in Lincolnshire October 1536, spread over the Humber into the East Riding of Yorkshire and continues from ether into parts of the West Riding around Wakefield and Pontefract

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3
Q

Where did the most militant rising begin?

A

in the dales between Ripon and Richmond

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4
Q

Why were rebels in the second, more militant rising which started in the dales between Ripon and Richmond more radicalised and hostile towards the gentry?

A

because of the strength of their grievances against their landlords

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5
Q

How was class antagonism clear from letters sent by the second rising which was the most militant and started in the dales between Ripon and Richmond

A

they sent out letters in the name ‘Captain Poverty’

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6
Q

What was the case of the cause of the rebellion?

A
  • various secular motives
  • most undoubtedly the case of Henry V111’s religious changes which pushed too quickly for fundamental religious changes that most ordinary people could neither sympathise with nor understand
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7
Q

What were the 2 religious motives for the Pilgrimage of Grace?

A

1) dissolution of the monasteries

2) Fear for parish churches and traditional religious practises

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8
Q

What 4 reasons did the dissolution of the monasteries have on motivating the Pilgrimage of Grace rebellion

A
  • fear of loss of charitable and educational functions which some monasteries provided
  • possible loss of parish churches which were monastic property
  • fear that the north would become impoverished by monastic land falling into the hands of southerners
  • the loss of useful facilities and services which the monasteries offered
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9
Q

How can the importance of the monasteries to the rebels be seen?

A

through their attempts to restore some of the houses which had been suppressed

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10
Q

Who was known as the leader of the Pilgrimage of Grace?

A

Robert Aske

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11
Q

In what 3 ways did Cromwell’s Injunctions of 1536 seek to attack traditional religious practises ?

A
  • the celebration of locally important saints such as St. Wilfred in parts of Yorkshire had been discouraged
  • pilgrimage was discouraged
  • rumours that church plate and jewels which had been bequeathed by parishioners would be confiscated and that parishes might be amalgamated
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12
Q

What were the 4 secular motives for the Pilgrimage of Grace?

A

1) economic grievances
2) The imposition of the Duke of Suffolk sparking Lincolnshire rebellion
3) Catherine’s supporters exploited northerns religious and financial concerns
4) extension of the rebellion west of the Pennies into Cumberland , highlighting tenants grievances

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13
Q

When was there a royal proclamation offering pardon to rebels

A

3rd December 1536

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14
Q

What happened to Robert Aske, leader of the Pilgrimage of Grace rebellion?

A

he tired to negotiate a settlement with the king but was exceed after the outbreak of renewed rebellion in January 1537

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15
Q

Who do some suggest the rebellion was really led by ? (2)

A

aristocrat and gentry , particularly

  • Lord Darcy in Yorkshire
  • Lord Hussey in Lincolnshire
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16
Q

What did rebels of the Pilgrimage of Grace wear?

A

the Five Wounds of Christ

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17
Q

What did rebels in the Pilgrimage of Grace do?

A
  • swore an oath that contradicted the Crowns oath of supremacy
  • they circulated ballads connecting the theme of the Church in danger to the socio-economic distress they believed would happen from the loss of monastic charity
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18
Q

Why did rebels circulate ballads contain the theme of the Church in danger to socio-economic distress?

A

as they believed this would happen from the loss of monastic charity

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19
Q

What did the oath that rebels swore bind them to do? (4)

A
  • take up Christ’s cross
  • defend the Catholic Church
  • Strive for the suppression of heretics
  • expel evil councillors from the Kings council (Cromwell)
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20
Q

Why did the Lincolnshire rebellion which started on the 2nd October at Louth quickly collapse on 18th October?

A

as the rebellion faced forces of the Duke of Suffolk

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21
Q

Though the Lincolnshire rebellion collapsed , where did northern rebels occupy and capture?

A

northern rebels occupied York and Hull and captured Pontefract Castle

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22
Q

The king sent an army north , under who’s command?

A

the Duke of Norfolk

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23
Q

What 3 things did Norfolk promise after he and an army were sent north by the king and realised he was greatly outnumbered ?

A
  • issued a pardon
  • promised dissolution of the monasteries would be restored
  • free Parliament established
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24
Q

What gave Henry an excuse to go back on his word from Norfolk’s promises?

A

when rebellion renewed in Cumberland and the East Riding in 1537

25
Q

How did the Duke Of Norfolk react to the renewed rebellion in Cumberland and the East Riding in 1537?

A
  • Norfolk quickly suppressed the renewed rebellion
  • declared martial law
  • hanged 74 rebels
  • several members of the gentry, heads of monastic houses were brought to London, tried and executed
26
Q

What leaders of the rebellion, along with several members of the gentry and heads of monastic lands were brought to London ?

A

leaders Darcy and Hussey

27
Q

how was Henry poor at handling the Pilgrimage of Grace?

A

-he ignored warnings about the increase of resentment

28
Q

Where was Norfolk shown the 24 Articles of the rebels?

A

Doncaster

29
Q

Why is it arguable that the Pilgrimage of Grace was due to religious, political, social and economical problems?

A

as the 24 Articles reflected areas of concern over all these aspects

30
Q

While many revolts which took place in northern England in late 1536 were collectively known as the Pilgrimage of Grace, where and when was the Pilgrimage of Grace specifically?

A

Pilgrimage of Grace only refers to the revolt that occurred in Yorkshire between October and December 1536.

31
Q

Why was the Pilgrimage of Grace such a threat to government?

A

as it included both commoners and nobles, nobles of which orchestrated the 24 Articles

32
Q

Why could the king not use the local militia to crush the Pilgrimage of Grace?

A

as he feared they would join the rebels

33
Q

by the 4th October how many men were thought to be involved in the Pilgrimage of Grace?

A

40,000

34
Q

Why did the nobles withdraw themselves from the rebels in Lincoln when Suffolk’s army was approaching?

A

as they realised they had much to lose

35
Q

What did Suffolk offer the rebels in lincoln?

A

the chance to stand down and he would ensure Henry would look at the Articles if they went home

36
Q

Who became the accepted leader of the rebellion?

A

noble lawyer, Robert Aske

37
Q

What did Robert Aske want from the Pilgrimage of Grace?(3)

A

-to stop attacks on the church
return country to the Pope
-removal of Cromwell

38
Q

Why did Robert Aske want the removal of evil advisors such as Cromwell?

A

as he believed he polluted the kings mind

39
Q

What did Robert Aske believe would happen when Henry realised that it was a spiritual pilgrimage?

A

that he would revert to old policies and remove those from power who had mislead him

40
Q

Why was the capture of Pontefract so significant?

A

as this was garrisoned by 300 royal troops and was captured without firing a shot

41
Q

Why was Norfolk keen to compromise with the rebels?

A

as he was a political rival of Cromwell and wished to undermine him to the king

42
Q

By taking his time, what did Henry believe would happen to the resistance?

A

that ASke would be unable to manage 35,000 men

43
Q

What is a limitation of the 24 Articles?

A

produced by nobles and so did not represent the rebels demands

44
Q

How many demands of the 24 articles were religious?

A

9

45
Q

How many demands of the 24 Articles were political?

A

6

46
Q

while 9 of the demands in the 24 articles were religious, and 6 were political, what were the rest concerning?

A

a combination of social, political, economic and religious issues.

47
Q

What caused proceedings of compromise to end?

A

the renewed rebellion in Cumberland

48
Q

What has historian Knowles said about what caused the Pilgrimagge of Grace?

A

he blamed it on the dissolution of the smaller monasteries who earned under £200 annually which began in 1536

49
Q

many monasteries acted as almshouses, what did this entail?

A

providing the poor with food, clothing and giving alms

50
Q

People feared rumours that there would be tax on the ‘rites of passage’ what were these?

A

these were burials, marriages and baptisms

51
Q

What was an absurd rumour which contributed to the rebellion?

A

that poor people would be forbidden to eat certain types of food

52
Q

How many small monasteries had the reformation affected in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire?

A

100

53
Q

Why did many hate Cromwell who was seen as misleading the king as an evil councillor?

A

as he wanted to see an expansion of central government’s power within the localities

54
Q

Through what governmental position was Cromwell able to mastermind the dissolution of the monasteries?

A

as Vicegerent in Spirituals

55
Q

When did the dissolution of the monasteries process begin?

A

1535

56
Q

What year was the Act of 10 Articles which looked to define the doctrine of the new English Church, proposed by Cromwell?

A

1536

57
Q

How many sacraments were removed in the Act of 10 Articles in 1536 which furthered discontent and stimulated rumours about tax on the ‘rites of passage’ (marriage, baptism, burials)?

A

from 7 to 3

58
Q

A vicegerent Spiritual, what did Cromwell issue in 1536 and 1538?

A

Injunctions to the English clergy

59
Q

What did the injunctions of 1536 and 1538 discourage>

A

pilgrimages

Henry V111-English Society in the reign of Henry V111 (5 decks)

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