Regional Issues Flashcards
Before what year was Wales a separate territory from England even though in practise it was under English control?
1536
What did Wales comprise of? (2)
-marcher (i.e. border) lordships
and
-Principality of Wales
what Act changed the facet that Wales had neither a single unified administration nor a formal political link with England?
the Laws in Wales Act 1536
What 2 things did the Laws in Wales Act 1536 do? (3)
- divided Wales into shire counties
- gave the Welsh shires direct representation in the HOC
- brought Wales into the same legal framework as England
Who became increasingly prominent within the legal profession?
the Welsh gentry
Which 3 English counties were technically ‘palatinates’?
Lancashire, Cheshire and Durham
What does it mean by the fact that 3 English counties, Lancashire, Durham and Cheshire are technically palatinates?
they were separate jurisdictions from the rest of the kingdom
Who was palatinate jurisdiction exercised under in Durham?
the Bishop
What Act in 1536 reduced the level of independence enjoyed by the bishop as palatinate over Durham?
the Act Resuming Liberties to the Crown
How was the palatinate jurisdiction exercised under the bishop not completely destroyed by the Act of Resuming Liberties to the Crown 1536?
the palatinate court of chance continued to operate
Where was the Council of Wales and the Marches based?
at Ludlow in Shropshire
Which 4 bordering English counties came under the jurisdiction of the Council of Wales and the Marches?
Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire, Gloucestershire
What was a benefit to the 4 bordering English counties
Shropshire
Herefordshire
Worcestershire
Gloucestershire
of being under the jurisdiction of the Council of Wales and the Marches?
this offered relatively cheap and local access to the law
Why was the border with Scotland difficult to police?
as much of it was remote and often inhospitable in the winter months
How was the border with Scotland split?
into 3 marches each under the jurisdiction of a warden
Why was appointing a local noble family in one of the 3 marches of the Scottish border risky?
as the noble could exploit his office to enhance his own power at the kings expense
Which two types of people did Henry appoint to the position of the marches on the Scottish borders?
either
- local officers who came from the gentry class
- or those who were complete outsiders
Who was appointed to one of the marches on the Scottish border in 1542?
Lord Wharton who was from relatively humble origins
Why did Henry only appoint either
- local officers who came from the gentry class
- or those who were complete outsiders ? (2)
as these two groups were more likely to owe complete loyalty to the king and had limited ability to influence the conduct of local people who saw themselves as owing primary loyalty to a local magnate
What demonstrates the fact that the north of England posed problems of governance to a regime based far away in London?
the number of supporters (30,000) in the Pilgrimage of Grace 1536
What did the Pilgrimage of Grace 1536 lead Henry and Cromwell to re-establish in York with a professional staff ?
the Council in the North
What functions did the Council in the North have?
both administrative and legal functions
How did the Council in the North prove its worth in 1549?
through keeping the north quiet during the summer of rebellions
