Regional Issues

Question 1

Before what year was Wales a separate territory from England even though in practise it was under English control?

Answer 1

1536

Question 2

What did Wales comprise of? (2)

Answer 2

-marcher (i.e. border) lordships
and
-Principality of Wales

Question 3

what Act changed the facet that Wales had neither a single unified administration nor a formal political link with England?

Answer 3

the Laws in Wales Act 1536

Question 4

What 2 things did the Laws in Wales Act 1536 do? (3)

Answer 4

• divided Wales into shire counties
• gave the Welsh shires direct representation in the HOC
• brought Wales into the same legal framework as England

Question 5

Who became increasingly prominent within the legal profession?

Answer 5

the Welsh gentry

Question 6

Which 3 English counties were technically ‘palatinates’?

Answer 6

Lancashire, Cheshire and Durham

Question 7

What does it mean by the fact that 3 English counties, Lancashire, Durham and Cheshire are technically palatinates?

Answer 7

they were separate jurisdictions from the rest of the kingdom

Question 8

Who was palatinate jurisdiction exercised under in Durham?

Answer 8

the Bishop

Question 9

What Act in 1536 reduced the level of independence enjoyed by the bishop as palatinate over Durham?

Answer 9

the Act Resuming Liberties to the Crown

Question 10

How was the palatinate jurisdiction exercised under the bishop not completely destroyed by the Act of Resuming Liberties to the Crown 1536?

Answer 10

the palatinate court of chance continued to operate

Question 11

Where was the Council of Wales and the Marches based?

Answer 11

at Ludlow in Shropshire

Question 12

Which 4 bordering English counties came under the jurisdiction of the Council of Wales and the Marches?

Answer 12

Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire, Gloucestershire

Question 13

What was a benefit to the 4 bordering English counties
Shropshire
Herefordshire
Worcestershire
Gloucestershire
of being under the jurisdiction of the Council of Wales and the Marches?

Answer 13

this offered relatively cheap and local access to the law

Question 14

Why was the border with Scotland difficult to police?

Answer 14

as much of it was remote and often inhospitable in the winter months

Question 15

How was the border with Scotland split?

Answer 15

into 3 marches each under the jurisdiction of a warden

Question 16

Why was appointing a local noble family in one of the 3 marches of the Scottish border risky?

Answer 16

as the noble could exploit his office to enhance his own power at the kings expense

Question 17

Which two types of people did Henry appoint to the position of the marches on the Scottish borders?

Answer 17

either

• local officers who came from the gentry class
• or those who were complete outsiders

Question 18

Who was appointed to one of the marches on the Scottish border in 1542?

Answer 18

Lord Wharton who was from relatively humble origins

Question 19

Why did Henry only appoint either

• local officers who came from the gentry class
• or those who were complete outsiders ? (2)

Answer 19

as these two groups were more likely to owe complete loyalty to the king and had limited ability to influence the conduct of local people who saw themselves as owing primary loyalty to a local magnate

Question 20

What demonstrates the fact that the north of England posed problems of governance to a regime based far away in London?

Answer 20

the number of supporters (30,000) in the Pilgrimage of Grace 1536

Question 21

What did the Pilgrimage of Grace 1536 lead Henry and Cromwell to re-establish in York with a professional staff ?

Answer 21

the Council in the North

Question 22

What functions did the Council in the North have?

Answer 22

both administrative and legal functions

Question 23

How did the Council in the North prove its worth in 1549?

Answer 23

through keeping the north quiet during the summer of rebellions