The life course perspective (Chapter 2)

Question 1

Maturation

Answer 1

Process of biological, social, emotional growth over time

Brain maturation

Changing from a simple to more complex level of function

QUALITATIVE changes (behavior)

(Quantitative are height, weight, physical characteristics)

Question 2

Development

Answer 2

Changes in performance influenced by maturational processes and growth

Learning to walk

Question 3

Developmental milestones

Answer 3

behaviors acquired through maturation

Question 4

Learning

Answer 4

Learn new behaviors through interaction with the environment

Skill development: exposure, feedback, practice

Occupational engagement

Question 5

Hierarchical model

Answer 5

Motor system and development are building blocks of the nervous system, from lower to higher centers

When damaged, excessive unregulated function of lower centers can be seen

PROBLEM W/ THIS: Unidirectional

Basically says that as the CNS matures, the behavior displayed represents the function of that level

Question 6

Current systems theory (new stuff)

Answer 6

Spontaneous engagement in challenging activity because of brain maturation - CNS functions associated with activity modified by engaging in activity

Neuroplasticity: human brain changes as a result of one’s experiences

Enriched environment = GOOD

Question 7

Behavioral genetics

Answer 7

Field of study that examines the role of genetics of behavior

Behavioral traits

Goal: determine how genetic and environmental influences direct the development of behavior, as mediated by the nervous system

Genes are expresesd based on environmental triggers

Question 8

Epigenetics

Answer 8

Science of what causes genes to be expressed in response to environment (Switches) as opposed to how genotype directs environmental response

Question 9

Developmental systems theory

Answer 9

Co-occurring contributions of genes/environment/epigenetic factors of developmental processes

The switches that turn on the triggers

Question 10

Systems theory of motor control

Answer 10

Movement at any given point in time is emergent

Says that behaviors are self-organizing and will emerge according to the context or environment in which they are active

Depends on: control parameters, constraints, and degrees of freedom

Emergent control, anticipatory control

Question 11

Control parameters

Answer 11

Conditions at the time the task is done

Heaviness

Question 12

Constraints

Answer 12

Limiting factor in the environment

No lights, atmosphere

Question 13

Degrees of freedom

Answer 13

Flexibility in motor program

The grasp, what you need your body to do

Question 14

Duvall 8 stages of family development

Answer 14

Family of origin experiences

Leaving home

Pre-marriage stage

Childless couple stage

Family with young children

Family with adolescents

Launching children

Later family life

Question 15

Life course theory

Answer 15

Study of people’s lives, structural contexts, social change

Today’s experiences and exposures influence tomorrow’s health

Question 16

Health trajectories

Answer 16

Predicted pattern of health or disablement likely given internal/external influences over the life course

Family that lives close to trails vs. not

Question 17

Early programming

Answer 17

Early experiences can program future health/development, can be positive or negative

Sensitive periods

Question 18

Cumulative impact

Answer 18

From increasing/frequent influences during the developmental period, can be positive or negative
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Small stressor repeated over and over

Question 19

Competence promotion

Answer 19

Education and public health initiatives to increase resilience (quit smoking ads, support groups)

Question 20

Resilience

Answer 20

desired outcome despite periods of stress and change

Someone with a lot of negative barriers in their life that still comes out on top and succeeds

Question 21

Joint commission w/ health professions

Answer 21

Requires all practitioners responsible for assessment, treatment, and care of patients to be competent in the delivery of “age-appropriate care”

emphasis on PARTICIPATION IN MEANINGFUL OCCUPATIONS

Question 22

Occupational engagement

Answer 22

People doing occupations in a manner that fully involves their effort, drive, and attention

As individuals learn and gain skills, they also gain in ways in which they can engage in occupations in their everyday life

Question 23

Nature-nurture controversy

Answer 23

The theorists who believed developmental change over tiem was due to the nature of humans were in dirrect opposition to the individuals who believed human behaviors arose from environmental exposure

Question 24

Emergent control

Answer 24

Individual will alter a task in ways to meet the current conditions (dynamic systems theory)

Question 25

Anticipatory control

Answer 25

The motor program is adjusted even before any interaction with the environment

For example: Someone saying “be careful picking up that box its really heavy” -the motor program would dictate more stiffness in the limbs and more muscle tension than if you expected the box to be empty

Question 26

Systemic family developmental model

Answer 26

Recognizes that all families share a common process of development, however, within individual families there is a variation in how this process will occur (in response to Duvall’s 8 stages of development)

Question 27

Health disparity

Answer 27

Differences in quality of health and health care across different populations that includes differences in the incidence of disease, health outcomes, or access to health care across racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups

Could refer to their race, gender, ethnic background, geographic location, physical disability

Question 28

Health determinant

Answer 28

Biology, genetics, and also factors such as socioeconimic status and access to health care

Personal and social factors

Question 29

Health trajectories

Answer 29

Predicted pattern of health or disablement that is likely given the internal and exernal influences on individuals as they develop and mature

They can change over time

Populations and groups of communities