Environmental Contexts (Chapter 7)

Question 1

Contextual factors

Answer 1

Provide resources that support or inhibit a client’s performance

Question 2

Examples of contextual factors

Answer 2

Presence of a willing caregiver, the delivery of services (limits are placed on length of intervention in an inpatient hospital setting), access to the internet, availability of caregiver, relationship between patient and caregiver, attitudinal context (how does the family think of the patient), home setup

Question 3

3 types of external environmental factors in ICF

Answer 3

1. natural environment and human-made changed to the environment
2. products and technology
3. support and relationships, attitudes, services, systems, policies

Question 4

Natural environment

Answer 4

Physical features of the outdoor environment (landforms, climate features, seasonal variations)

Unexpected natural events (hurricanes, earthquakes)

Someone may have to leave their home because of a disaster, and if they are an older patient this can be difficult

Question 5

Human-made changes

Answer 5

Alterations or disturbances in the natural environment, caused by humans, that can result in disruption of people’s lives

Wars, displacement of people, homes and lands, environmental disasters and land, water or air pollution

Displacement of people - refugees
Toxic water

Question 6

Sustainability

Answer 6

Refers to the potential for the creation and maintenance of conditions under which humans and nature can exist in PRODUCTIVE HARMONY

Question 7

Physical geography

Answer 7

Features of land forms and bodies of water, especially as they are experienced by people living on or near the area

Examples: distances that people may need to travel to seek health care, physical challenges of that travel

People out in the country
Gravel driveways

Population: amount of hospitals in your area, do they need to go elsewhere to seek appropriate treatment

Question 8

Climate

Answer 8

Meteorological features and events, such as seasons and the weather

Question 9

Natural events

Answer 9

Cause disruption in an individual’s physical environment , can occur regularly or irregularly

Earthquakes, severe weather, tornadoes, hurricanes, typhoons, flood, fire, ice-storms

Question 10

Housing

Answer 10

Poor housing and indoor environments: they can contribute to preventable diseases and injuries, respiratory, nervous system, and cardiovascular diseases

(Mold, hoarding)

Degraded urban environment- air and noise pollution, lack of green spaces, lack of mobility options = health risks

Question 11

Mixed-use development housing

Answer 11

Use of a building, or set or buildings, or neighborhood for more than one purpose

Can be good!

Ex: apartments that have stores/food on the first level

Question 12

Retirement community

Answer 12

Residential environment designed for older adults who are generally able to care for themselves

Problem: they are expensive, so not every one is able to stay in one

Question 13

Virtual environments

Answer 13

Computers, media

Example: being able to chat with family/friends through facebook, or another social media website.

Also, can give them access to support groups

Question 14

Assets

Answer 14

Products or objects of economic exchange such as money, goods, property, and other valuables which an individual owns or to which he or she has the rights to

Lack of assets in early childhood = results in a less than optimal developmental outcome (culture of poverty)

How to change this: access to after school programs, community contribution (14th and chestnut)

Question 15

Accessibility

Answer 15

Removing barriers that prevent people with activity limitations from using services, products, products, and information available in that environment

Question 16

Barriers people encounter

Answer 16

Entering a building (parking, approach, entrance)

Household kitchens (room layout)

Schools (lecture areas, campus)

Question 17

Entering a building example of barriers

Answer 17

Parking: spaces too narrow, space not level, parking meter out of reach, curb/steps

Approach: street parking, no snow removal, steps

Entrance: door too narrow, excessive force to open door

Question 18

Household kitchen example of barriers

Answer 18

Room layout:

Alley style house
Appliances poorly located
Sinks too high for wheelchair
Light switches/outlets too far

Question 19

School examples of barriers

Answer 19

Lecture areas: desks too high, no writing surface, aisles to steep/narrow, outlets not reachable

Campus: locker too far up, travel between buildings includes steps, hills, crowded hallways, water fountains too high

Question 20

Universal design

Answer 20

Producing buildings, and environments that are accessible to both people with and without disabilities

Question 21

Aging in place

Answer 21

Describes a person living in the residence of their choice, for as long as they are able, as they age

This includes being able to have any services they might need over time as their needs change

Question 22

Rebuilding together group

Answer 22

Rebuild homes, community spaces for every one’s needs

Question 23

Support and relationships

Answer 23

ICF refers these terms as “people or animals” that provide practical physical or emotional support, protection, assistance, and relationships to people in their home, place of work, school or at play, or in any other aspect of their life that they need

Question 24

Domesticated animals

Answer 24

Any animal that provides physical, emotional, or psychological support (pets)

Question 25

Animal-assisted therapy

Answer 25

Type of therapy that involves animals as a form of intervention or support for people with social, emotional, or cognitive impairments

Question 26

Service animals

Answer 26

Working animals trained to perform specific tasks relating to their owner’s disability

Guide dogs
Hearing dogs
Service dogs

Question 27

Attitudinal environments

Answer 27

Relates to observable consequences of customs, practices, values, normals, factual beliefs, and religious beliefs

Question 28

Attitudinal racism

Answer 28

Pattern of actions based on a set of stereotypical assumptions, beliefs, and attitudes about or toward a group of people that influences the roles they are able or expected to assume in society

Examples:
Ageism
Sexism

Example w/ ageism: “they are just too old, don’t mess with them anymore”

Question 29

Sick role

Answer 29

This is a distinct role, a socially recognized way of behaving when you are sick

This role gives sick people certain rights: exemption from normal social roles

Given special support and attention, as long as they maintain the social obligations associated with the sick role

Obligations are: sick people should be trying to get well and they should be seeking help and be cooperating with treatment

Question 30

Malingering

Answer 30

When someone uses their “sick role” as a secondary gain = people who malinger enjoy exemption from work and social demands, and exaggerate their disability or fail to follow through on their interventions

Question 31

The role of the worker

Answer 31

Unpaid work = may be less valued

Leave paid work = person may feel they have no value

Question 32

Services

Answer 32

Services that provie benefits, structured programs, and operations, in various sectors of society, designed to meet the needs of individuals

Question 33

Systems

Answer 33

Administrative control and organizational mechanisms, and are established by governments at the local, regional, national, and international levels

Question 34

Policies

Answer 34

Constituted by rules, regulations, conventions, and standards established by governments at the local, regional, national, and international levels , or by other recognized authorities

Question 35

Example of services

Answer 35

Federal: public housing

Private: local real estate developers provide mixed-use housing development

Private: local charities (rebuilding together)

Question 36

Example of systems

Answer 36

U.S. department of housing and urban development

Local governmental zoning boards

Local utility boards

Question 37

Policies example

Answer 37

Home equity conversion mortgages for seniors are an example of an alteration to mortgage laws to aid those who have equity in their homes and can pay that equity back into mortgage so they can afford to stay in their homes