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lower limb > the leg (lower limb 4) > Flashcards

the leg (lower limb 4) Flashcards

1
Q

Define acute osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of the bone caused by inflammation

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2
Q

which is the commonest long bone to be fractures

A

Tibia - shaft is subcutaneous and unprotected anteromedially and is slender in lower 3rd

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3
Q

define compound injury

A

bone through skin

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4
Q

what is the interosseous membrane

A

form of fibrous joint which unites the tibia and fibula

separates the muscles of the anterior and posterior compartment of the leg

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5
Q

functions of foramina in interosseous membrane

A

top - anterior tibial vessel through to front leg

lower - anterior peroneal vessels can pass through

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6
Q

4 muscle of anterior compartment

A

Tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longs
Fibularis tertius

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7
Q

function of retinculum

A

to confine tendons to a certain line of pull

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8
Q

attachments of superior peroneal retinaculum

A

a - lateral malleolus –> lateral line of calcaneus

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9
Q

attachments of inferior peroneal retinaculum

A

anterior part of superior surface of calcaneus –> continuous with stem of inferior extensor retinaculum

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10
Q

inferior extensor retinaculum attachments (Y Shaped)

A

lateral - upper surface of calcaneus (stem)

Medial - upper band = medial mallows, lower band = deep fascia of sole

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11
Q

Tibialis anterior (O, I, A, In)

A

O- lateral condyle, superior 2/3 of anterolateral surface of tibia, interosseous margin
I - medial and plantar surfaces of medial coniform, base 1st metatarsal
A - Dorsiflexes at ankle , inverts foot
In - Deep peroneal nerve - L4,5,S1

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12
Q

Where do extrinsic extensors of toes have origins and insertions

A 
Origin = leg
Insertion = foot
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13
Q

What are the extrinsic extensors of the toe

A

extensor hallucis longus

extensor digitorum longus

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14
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus - O,I,A,In

A

O - middle anterior surface of fibula, and interosseous membrane
I - distal phalanx 1 (big toe)
A- extend big toe, dorsiflex foot at ankle and invert foot
In - deep peroneal - L4-S1

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15
Q

Extensor Digitorium Longus

A

O - lateral condyle tibia, superior 3/4 anterior surface of fibula, interosseous margin
I - middle and diesel phalanx 2-5
A - extend toes 2-5 and dorsiflex foot
In - deep peroneal L4-S1

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16
Q

Fibularis (preens) tertius (O, I, A, In)

A

O - distal 1/3 anterior fibula, interosseous membrane
I - dorsal surface base 5th metatarsal
A - dorsiflex and EVERT foot
In - deep peroneal nerve L4-S1

17
Q

Where is fibulas terries in relation to hallucis longus

A

deep and lateral

NOT PRESENT IN ALL PEOPLE

18
Q

what does the anterior tibial artery arise from

A

popliteal artery

19
Q

what is the deep fibular nerve a branch of and what does it innervate

A

common fibular nerve

anterior compartment

20
Q

Fibularis Longus O, I,A,In

A

O - head and proximal 1/2-2/3 lateral side of fibula
I - crosses plantar surface of foot to attach to lateral side of medial (1st) cuniform and 1st metatarsal
A- Plantar Flexes and Everts foot at ankle
In - Superficial Fibular Nerve L4,5,S1

21
Q

Fibularis Brevis O,I,A,In

A

O - distal 1/3 - 1/2 lateral side of fibula
I-Tuberosity of lateral side of 5th metatarsal
A- Plantar Flexes and Everts foot at ankle
In - Superficial Fibular Nerve L4,5,S1

22
Q

why is the common fibular nerve vulnerable to injury

A

courses round the neck of the fibula

23
Q

consequences of injuring common fibular nerve

A

foot drop - inability to dorsiflex

loss of sensation over dorsal of foot and lateral side of the leg

24
Q

What nerve supplies the sensation to medial side of leg

A

saphenous and femoral

25
Q

what nerves supply the sensation to heel and sole of foot

A

tibial nerve and sciatic branch

26
Q

what nerve supplies the dorsum and lateral side of the legs

A

common fibular

27
Q

What is in the deep compartment of the posterior leg

A 
Posterior tibial artery
Tibial nerve
popliteus
flexor Digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus
tibialis posterior
28
Q

Popiteus O,I,A,In

A

O- lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur
I - proximal posterior surface of tibia above soleal line
A - flexes and medially rotates leg at knee
In - Tibial L4-S1

29
Q

flexor digitorum longus O,I,A,In

A

O - medial 1/2 of middle posterior surface of Tibia
I - bases of distal phalanges 2-5 plantar surface
A - flex phalanges, plantar flex foot
In - tibial nerve L5 - S1

30
Q

flexor helices longus

A

O - distal 2/3 post fibula adjacent interosseus membrane
I - base distal phalanx 1 plantar surface
A - flex big toe and plantar flex foot
In - tibial nerve L5-S2

31
Q

Tibialis Posterior

A

O - Lateral portion posterior proximal tibial, interosseous membrane, medial portion proximal 1/2 fibula
I - Navicular tuberosity, cuniforms, cuboid, 2-4 metatarsals, sustenaitculum tail of calcaneus
A - invert and plantar flex foot
In - tibial nerve L5-S1

32
Q

What tendons run posterior to the medial malleolus

A

Tibialis posterior
Flexor Digitorum longus
Flexor Hallucis longus

lower limb (4 decks)

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