lower limb 3 anterior and media compartments of thigh

Question 1

what bone is not part of the knee joint

Answer 1

fibula

Question 2

what is the patella

Answer 2

triangular sesamoid bone, develops in tendon of quadriceps muscles

Question 3

how is vastus medialis different to the other quadraceps

Answer 3

pulls at a much more oblique angle than other 3 quadriceps

- prevents patella from being pulled too laterally

Question 4

Other than vastus medialis what prevents the patella being pulled too laterally

Answer 4

bony ridge on the lateral femoral condyle

if under developed can lead to multiple dislocations

Question 5

define avulsed

Answer 5

pulled away or torn

Question 6

what are the menisci

Answer 6

C shaped fibrocartillogenous
C shaped cartilage
1 lateral and 1 medial in the knee joint

Question 7

What is the ACL?

Answer 7

Anterior Cruciate ligament
Anterior facet of intercondylar area of tibia –> lateral intracondylar fossa of femur
Prevents anterior displacement tibia

Question 8

What is the PCL?

Answer 8

Posterior cruciate ligament
Posterior intercondylar tibia –> medial intercondylar fossa of femur
Prevents posterior displacement of tibia

Question 9

Why are medial collateral ligament and medial meniscus often injured simultaneously

Answer 9

ALL ATTACHED

Question 10

what movements are possible at the knee

Answer 10

flexion, extension, and locking - tibia medial rotation

Question 11

where is the great saphenous vein situated

Answer 11

in subcutaneous fat running up the medial leg

Question 12

what does the great saphenous view pass through

Answer 12

the saphenous hiatus in the deep fascia

Question 13

what is function of the femoral triangle

Answer 13

together with adductor canal and popliteal fossa is a transit route through the thigh for major vessels

Question 14

why is the femoral triangle important

Answer 14

vascular access
femoral hernia
vascular surgery
lymphatic disease spread

Question 15

boarders of the femoral triangle

Answer 15

Superior - Inguinal ligament
Medial - medial adductor longus
Lateral - sartorius
Floor - iliopsoas and pectineus (lateral adductor longus)

Question 16

contents of femoral triangle

Answer 16

femoral nerve, artery and vein

Question 17

what muscles are supplied by the femoral nerve

Answer 17

iliacus
quadraceps femurs
sartorius
pectineus

Question 18

Sartorius

Answer 18

O - ASIS
I - medial tibial *inferomedial to tuberosity
A - flexes thigh and leg
In - femoral

Question 19

What muscle is the roof of the adductor canal

Answer 19

sartorius

Question 20

what is carried in the adductor canal

Answer 20

femoral vessels and saphenous nerve, and never to vastus medius

Question 21

what are the boundaries of adductor canal

Answer 21

roof - sartorius
medial - adductor longus
lateral vastus medius

Question 22

Rectus Femoris

Answer 22

O - ASIS , ilium to acetabulum
I - quadriceps femori tendon –> patella base
A - flex thigh, extend leg
In - Femoral L2,3,4

Question 23

Vastus Lateralis

Answer 23

O- Femur lateral interotrochanter line, greater trochanter, lateral gluteal tuberosity, lateral linea aspera
I - quad tendon, lateral patella
A - extend leg
In - Femoral L2,3,4

Question 24

Vastus Medialis

Answer 24

O - femur medial, interotrachanter line, pectineal (soleal) line, medial linea aspera,
I - Quad tendon, medial patella
A - extend leg , prevent excessive lateral movement of patella
In - Femoral L2,3,4

Question 25

Vastus Intermedius

Answer 25

O - Femur upper 2/3 lateral and anterior I - quad tendon, lateral patella, lateral tibial condyle A - extend leg, In - Femoral L2,3,4

Question 26

pectineus

Answer 26

O - pectineal line along superior rams of pubis I - posterior surface of femur inferior to lesser trochanter A - adducts and flex thigh at hip In - femoral L2,3,4

Question 27

iliopsoas

Answer 27

``` O - Iliac Fossa and lumbar spine I - Lesser trochanter A -flex hip In - L1-L3 (artery - medial femoral circumflex and iliolumbar) ```

Question 28

What muscles are in the adductor compartment of the thigh

Answer 28

``` Adductor longus, Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Gracilis Obturator externes ```

Question 29

Where doe muscles of the adductor compartment originate

Answer 29

external surface of pubis and ischiopubic ramus

Question 30

what are the main functions of the medial thigh muscles

Answer 30

adduction and medial rotation

Question 31

Adductor Longus

Answer 31

O - External pubis body I - Linea Aspera A medially rotates In - obturator L2,3,4

Question 32

Adductor brevis

Answer 32

O - External pubis body, inferior pubic ramis I - proximal posterior femur and upper 1/3 linea aspera In - Obturator l2,3,4 A - medial rotation

Question 33

Adductor Magnus - Adductor head

Answer 33

O - Ischiopubic ramus I - posterior proximal femur, linea aspera, medial supercondlyar line In - obturator L2,3,4 A - medial rotation

Question 34

Adductor Magnus - hamstring

Answer 34

o - Ischial tuberosity i - adductor tubercle suprocondylar line in - tibial L2,3,4 A - adducts

Question 35

Gracilis

Answer 35

o - pubis, inferior pubic ramus, ischium ramus i - medial proximal tibia in - obturator L2,3 A - flexes Knee

Question 36

Obturator externus

Answer 36

O - external obturator membrane I - trochantic fossa In - Obturator L3,4 A - laterally rotation of thigh

Question 37

where is the adductor hiatus located

Answer 37

between adductor magus and femur