the learning theory 2

Question 1

define operant conditioning

Answer 1

• behavior is shaped and maintained by its consequences
• 3 types of consequences of behavior:
  1. positive reinforcement
  2. negative reinforcement
  3. punishment

Question 2

define positive reinforcement

Answer 2

receiving a reward when a certain behavior is preformed

e.g. praise form a teacher for answering a question correct

Question 3

define negative reinforcement

Answer 3

• occurs when an animal/human avoids something unpleasant
• e.g. when a student hands in an essay so that they don’t get told off to avoid something unpleasant

Question 4

define punishment

Answer 4

• unpleasant consequence of behavior
• e.g. being shouted at for talking

Question 5

conclusion

Answer 5

• positive + negative reinforcement increases the likelihood that behavior will be repeated
• punishment decreases the likelihood that behavior will be repeated