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2 Structural Kinesiology > The Knee > Flashcards

The Knee Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the knee ligaments attaches to the fibula?

A

Lateral collateral ligament

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2
Q

Name the agonists of knee extension

A

quads- rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

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3
Q

Which ligaments cross over around the tibia and femur?

A

ACL and PCL

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4
Q

What does the ACL prevent?

A

Anterior movement of tibia in relation to the femur

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5
Q

What does the PCL prevent?

A

Posterior movement of the tibia in relation to the femur

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6
Q

Valgus movement is more commonly known as

A

knock knees

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7
Q

What is the clinical term for bow legs?

A

Varus movement

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8
Q

Which structures prevents valgus and varus movement?

A

Collateral ligaments

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9
Q

MCL is continuous with with structure?

A

Medial Meniscus cartilage

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10
Q

Menisci features

A

C shaped rings on either side of tibia surface

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11
Q

MCL extends between which landmarks?

A

medial condyle femur to medial tibia

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12
Q

Which CL prevents varus movement?

A

lateral

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13
Q

How to the CL ensure knee stability?

A

lock when knee is extended

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14
Q

How do the menisci ensure knee stability?

A
  1. provide shallow cup for articulation of tib and femur

2. ensures even articulation of bones- medial condyle of femur bigger than lat condyle

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15
Q

What are the functions of the menisci?

A

shock absorption, stability, lubrication

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16
Q

which 3 bones articulate at the knee?

A

Femur, tibia, patella

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17
Q

What is the function of the patella?

A

protect anterior structures of the knee and provide lever arm for quads

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18
Q

How do biarticular muscles cause movement?

A

activated muscle shortens to pull origin closer to insertion

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19
Q

what determines the predominant joint of the biarticular muscle?

A

length of the lever arm due to torque differences caused by distance of lever arm to axis

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20
Q

List the secondary knee flexors

A

Gastrocnemius, Popliteus, Gracilis, Sartorius

21
Q

Insertion of quadricep muscles

A

tibial tuberosity

22
Q

Which quadricep origins on the lateral femur?

A

Vastus Lateralis

23
Q

Which quadricep is deep to the rectus femoris?

A

vastus intermedius

24
Q

origin of the rectus femoris?

A

AIIS

25
Q

line of pull of the Gracilis

A

Posterior to anterior

26
Q

How does the sartorius allow external rotation at the hip and hip and knee flexion?

A

biarticular and wraps around the knee- originates ASIS, moves posterior around femur then inserts on anterior proximal tibia.

27
Q

Which knee flexor allows internal rotation of the knee and how?

A

popliteus - angled line of pull
originates lateral condyle femur, inserts posterior tibia
medial to lateral line of pull

28
Q

What is used to measure the quad line of pull?

A

Q angle

29
Q

Normal Q angle range for females?

A

16-18 degrees

30
Q

Normal male Q angle?

A

12-13 degrees

31
Q

Why is female Q angle larger than male?

A

wider pelvis but feet base of support is the same

32
Q

What points make the Q angle?

A

Line (A) from ASIS to patella, (B) from patella to tibial tuberosity

33
Q

Risk of excessive Q angle?

A

poor patella tracking

34
Q

risk of valgus movement?

A

Chondromalacia Patella: dynamic movement may lead to mistracking of patella, creating pressure between patella and lateral femur condyles

35
Q

What is ‘Runner’s Knee’ clinically known as?

A

Chondromalacia Patella

36
Q

What is chondromalacia patella?

A

mistracking of patella causing damage to patellofemoral cartilage

37
Q

What are the causes of CP?

A 
high q angle
genu valgum
pronation
high patella
weak vastus medialis/ stronger vastus lateralis- uneven pull on patella
38
Q

What knee injury is caused by excessive anterior tibial translation?

A

ACL rupture

39
Q

How does ACL rupture typically occur?

A

cutting/landing movements
changing directions
extended knee joint position
knee valgus

40
Q

What tibial movement occurs to cause ACL rupture?

A

excessive anterior tibial translation- tibial moves forward too much in relation to the femur.

41
Q

Describe the movement of the patella during knee extension

A

The patella runs up and down in the groove between the femoral condyles during knee extension and flexion

42
Q

List the antagonist muscles to knee extension

A

Biceps femoris (short & long heads), semimembranosus , semitendinosus, popliteus, gastrocnemius, sartoris, gracilis

43
Q

Why does a weak vastus medialis contribute to Chrondomalacia Patella?

A

The VM pulls the patella medially and helps the patella run up the centre of the groove between the condyles. If it is weak the other quadriceps muscles tend to pull the patella laterally

44
Q

How does eversion of the foot increase the Q-angle?

A

Eversion of the foot tends to cause internal rotation at the hip and a more knock-kneed (genu valgum) position.

45
Q

What are the agonist muscles for internal rotation of the knee.

A

Semimembranosus, semitendinosus.

46
Q

When biarticular muscles are activated and shorten, explain two factors that influence which joint actually moves?

A

The length of the lever arm at each of the joints, and the activation of anatagonist/stabilising muscle at each of the joints

47
Q

What is genu varum?

A

A bow-legged malalignment of the knee in the frontal plane

48
Q

What is genu valgum?

A

A knock-kneed malalignment of the knee in the frontal plane

2 Structural Kinesiology (3 decks)

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