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2 Structural Kinesiology > Ankle and Foot > Flashcards

Ankle and Foot Flashcards

1
Q

Name the bones of the foot and ankle

A

Tibia, Fibula, Talus, Calcaneous, Navicular, Cuneiforms, Cuboid, Metatarsals, Phalanx

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2
Q

Name the joints of the foot and ankle

A

Talocrural, Subtalar, Transverse Tarsal, Tarsometatarsal, Metatarsophalangeal, Interphalangeal

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3
Q

What bones make up the Talocrural joint?

A

Tibia, Fibula and Talus

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4
Q

What type of joint is the Talocrural joint?

A

Hinge. ‘Mortise’

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5
Q

What bones make up the Subtalar joint?

A

Talus and calcaneous

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6
Q

What type of joint is the Subtalar?

A

Gliding

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7
Q

What movements do gliding joints allow?

A

Eversion and inversion, pronation/ supination circumduction

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8
Q

What movement does a hinge joint allow?

A

plantar/ dorsi flexion of foot

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9
Q

What bones make up the Transverse Tarsal Joint?

A

Calcaneous, Talus, Cuboid and Navicular

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10
Q

What bones make up the Tarsometatarsal Joint?

A

3 cuneiforms and cuboid bones articulate with metatarsals.

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11
Q

What are the four compartments of the lower leg muscles?

A

Lateral, Superior Posterior, Deep Posterior, Anterior

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12
Q

What are the muscles of the Lateral compartment?

A

Peroneus Longus, P. Brevis, P. Tertius

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13
Q

What are the muscles of the Deep Posterior compartment?

A

Tibialis Posterior, Flexor Hallucis Longus, Flexor Digitorum Longus

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14
Q

What are the muscles of the Superior Posterior compartment?

A

Gastrocnemius and Soleus

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15
Q

What are the muscles of the Anterior compartment?

A

Tibialis Anterior, Extensor Hallucis Longus, Extensor Digitorum Longus

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16
Q

Which compartment contains the primary evertors?

A

Lateral

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17
Q

Which compartment contains the primary extensors and dorsiflexors?

A

Anterior

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18
Q

Which compartment contains the primary plantarflexors ?

A

Superior and Deep Posterior

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19
Q

Which evertors originate on the lateral fibula?

A

P.Long (prox half), P.Brev (distal half), P.Tert (distal 1/3 anterior)

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20
Q

Where does P.Longus insert?

A

Medial Cuneiform

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21
Q

Where does P.Brev insert?

A

Lateral side of foot

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22
Q

Where does P.Tert insert?

A

MT 5

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23
Q

How does P.Longus allow eversion of the foot?

A

LoP medial to lateral, wraps under foot

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24
Q

Where do the Gastrocnemius and Soleous insert?

A

Calcaneous via AT

25
Origin of Gastrocnemius
Posterior femoral condyles
26
Origin of Soleous
Posterior head of fibula, Posterior proximal tibia
27
Which muscle orginates on the Interosseous membrane, prox posterior tibia and fibula?
Tibialis Posterior
28
Insertion of Tib. Post
Lower inner navicular, cuneiforms and MT 2-5
29
Which Plantarflexor allows inversion and how?
Tib.Post due to lateral to medial LoP
30
Which plantarflexors insert on the posterior fibula?
F. Hallucis Long (mid 2/3), F. Digitorum Long (mid 1/3)
31
FHL insertion
base of distal phalange of big toe
32
FDL insertion
base of distal phalanx 2-5
33
Which muscle inserts on medial cuneiform and 1st MT and what is its primary function?
Tibialis Anterior | Dorsiflexion
34
Origin of Tib.Ant
Upper 2/3 of lateral tibia
35
Origin of Extensor Digitorum Longus
Lateral condyle of tibia, proximal 2/3 of fibula
36
Origin of EHL
mid 2/3 anterior and medial fibula
37
Insertion of EDL
phalanx
38
Insertion of EHL
Base of 1st phalange of big toe
39
How does EHL allow inversion
LoP lateral to medial
40
What is the test for Achilles tendon rupture?
squeeze calf muscles and see if plantarflexion occurs
41
List the muscles that contribute to dorsiflexion of the ankle joint.
EDL, EHL, Tibialis anterior, Peroneus Tertius
42
Where does Plantar Fasciitis tend to cause tenderness?
Near calcaneous
43
Low or fallen arches may be associated with which movement?
Eversion
44
The transverse arch of the foot exists in which region?
Midfoot. Extends from 1st to 5th metatarsal
45
What is pronation?
combination of eversion and dorsiflexion
46
Why are inversion sprains of the ankle much more common than eversion sprains?
Lateral malleolus of fibula prevents excessive eversion due to 'mortise' talocrural joint
47
Describe the path of the tendon of insertion of the peroneus longus and its points of insertion
Runs posterior to lateral malleolus. inserts on plantar surface of foot at base of 1st metatarsal and lateral aspect of medial cuneiform
48
What is the medial longitudinal arch important for?
Shock absorption
49
Position of medial longitudinal arch
Medial side of foot extending from calcaneous to talu, navicular, cuneiforms and distal ends of the three medial metatarsals
50
Which muscles support the medial longitudinal arch?
Tib Ant, Tib Post
51
What is lateral longitudinal arch important for?
balance
52
Where is the lateral longitudinal arch located?
lateral side of foot, extending from calcaneus to cuboid, distal ends of 4th and 5th metatarsals
53
What does the transverse arch assist in?
adapting the foot to the ground
54
Which arch extends from 1st to 5th metatarsal?
Transverse arch
55
Which muscles support the transverse arch?
intrinsic muscles of the foot: Lumbricals, Adductor Hallucis, Flexor Digiti Minimi
56
How can the intrinsic muscles of the foot be strengthened?
Towel crunch exercise
57
Which tarsal ligament is the longest?
Long Plantar Ligament
58
Origin and insertion of LP ligament
O: Plantar surface of calcaneus, anterior to calcaneal tuberosity I: Plantar surface of cuboid, superficial fibres continuing to bases of 2,3,4th mt bones.

2 Structural Kinesiology (3 decks)

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