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2 Structural Kinesiology > Ankle and Foot > Flashcards

Ankle and Foot Flashcards

1
Q

Name the bones of the foot and ankle

A

Tibia, Fibula, Talus, Calcaneous, Navicular, Cuneiforms, Cuboid, Metatarsals, Phalanx

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2
Q

Name the joints of the foot and ankle

A

Talocrural, Subtalar, Transverse Tarsal, Tarsometatarsal, Metatarsophalangeal, Interphalangeal

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3
Q

What bones make up the Talocrural joint?

A

Tibia, Fibula and Talus

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4
Q

What type of joint is the Talocrural joint?

A

Hinge. ‘Mortise’

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5
Q

What bones make up the Subtalar joint?

A

Talus and calcaneous

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6
Q

What type of joint is the Subtalar?

A

Gliding

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7
Q

What movements do gliding joints allow?

A

Eversion and inversion, pronation/ supination circumduction

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8
Q

What movement does a hinge joint allow?

A

plantar/ dorsi flexion of foot

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9
Q

What bones make up the Transverse Tarsal Joint?

A

Calcaneous, Talus, Cuboid and Navicular

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10
Q

What bones make up the Tarsometatarsal Joint?

A

3 cuneiforms and cuboid bones articulate with metatarsals.

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11
Q

What are the four compartments of the lower leg muscles?

A

Lateral, Superior Posterior, Deep Posterior, Anterior

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12
Q

What are the muscles of the Lateral compartment?

A

Peroneus Longus, P. Brevis, P. Tertius

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13
Q

What are the muscles of the Deep Posterior compartment?

A

Tibialis Posterior, Flexor Hallucis Longus, Flexor Digitorum Longus

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14
Q

What are the muscles of the Superior Posterior compartment?

A

Gastrocnemius and Soleus

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15
Q

What are the muscles of the Anterior compartment?

A

Tibialis Anterior, Extensor Hallucis Longus, Extensor Digitorum Longus

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16
Q

Which compartment contains the primary evertors?

A

Lateral

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17
Q

Which compartment contains the primary extensors and dorsiflexors?

A

Anterior

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18
Q

Which compartment contains the primary plantarflexors ?

A

Superior and Deep Posterior

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19
Q

Which evertors originate on the lateral fibula?

A

P.Long (prox half), P.Brev (distal half), P.Tert (distal 1/3 anterior)

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20
Q

Where does P.Longus insert?

A

Medial Cuneiform

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21
Q

Where does P.Brev insert?

A

Lateral side of foot

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22
Q

Where does P.Tert insert?

A

MT 5

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23
Q

How does P.Longus allow eversion of the foot?

A

LoP medial to lateral, wraps under foot

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24
Q

Where do the Gastrocnemius and Soleous insert?

A

Calcaneous via AT

25
Q

Origin of Gastrocnemius

A

Posterior femoral condyles

26
Q

Origin of Soleous

A

Posterior head of fibula, Posterior proximal tibia

27
Q

Which muscle orginates on the Interosseous membrane, prox posterior tibia and fibula?

A

Tibialis Posterior

28
Q

Insertion of Tib. Post

A

Lower inner navicular, cuneiforms and MT 2-5

29
Q

Which Plantarflexor allows inversion and how?

A

Tib.Post due to lateral to medial LoP

30
Q

Which plantarflexors insert on the posterior fibula?

A

F. Hallucis Long (mid 2/3), F. Digitorum Long (mid 1/3)

31
Q

FHL insertion

A

base of distal phalange of big toe

32
Q

FDL insertion

A

base of distal phalanx 2-5

33
Q

Which muscle inserts on medial cuneiform and 1st MT and what is its primary function?

A

Tibialis Anterior

Dorsiflexion

34
Q

Origin of Tib.Ant

A

Upper 2/3 of lateral tibia

35
Q

Origin of Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

Lateral condyle of tibia, proximal 2/3 of fibula

36
Q

Origin of EHL

A

mid 2/3 anterior and medial fibula

37
Q

Insertion of EDL

A

phalanx

38
Q

Insertion of EHL

A

Base of 1st phalange of big toe

39
Q

How does EHL allow inversion

A

LoP lateral to medial

40
Q

What is the test for Achilles tendon rupture?

A

squeeze calf muscles and see if plantarflexion occurs

41
Q

List the muscles that contribute to dorsiflexion of the ankle joint.

A

EDL, EHL, Tibialis anterior, Peroneus Tertius

42
Q

Where does Plantar Fasciitis tend to cause tenderness?

A

Near calcaneous

43
Q

Low or fallen arches may be associated with which movement?

A

Eversion

44
Q

The transverse arch of the foot exists in which region?

A

Midfoot. Extends from 1st to 5th metatarsal

45
Q

What is pronation?

A

combination of eversion and dorsiflexion

46
Q

Why are inversion sprains of the ankle much more common than eversion sprains?

A

Lateral malleolus of fibula prevents excessive eversion due to ‘mortise’ talocrural joint

47
Q

Describe the path of the tendon of insertion of the peroneus longus and its points of insertion

A

Runs posterior to lateral malleolus. inserts on plantar surface of foot at base of 1st metatarsal and lateral aspect of medial cuneiform

48
Q

What is the medial longitudinal arch important for?

A

Shock absorption

49
Q

Position of medial longitudinal arch

A

Medial side of foot extending from calcaneous to talu, navicular, cuneiforms and distal ends of the three medial metatarsals

50
Q

Which muscles support the medial longitudinal arch?

A

Tib Ant, Tib Post

51
Q

What is lateral longitudinal arch important for?

A

balance

52
Q

Where is the lateral longitudinal arch located?

A

lateral side of foot, extending from calcaneus to cuboid, distal ends of 4th and 5th metatarsals

53
Q

What does the transverse arch assist in?

A

adapting the foot to the ground

54
Q

Which arch extends from 1st to 5th metatarsal?

A

Transverse arch

55
Q

Which muscles support the transverse arch?

A

intrinsic muscles of the foot: Lumbricals, Adductor Hallucis, Flexor Digiti Minimi

56
Q

How can the intrinsic muscles of the foot be strengthened?

A

Towel crunch exercise

57
Q

Which tarsal ligament is the longest?

A

Long Plantar Ligament

58
Q

Origin and insertion of LP ligament

A

O: Plantar surface of calcaneus, anterior to calcaneal tuberosity
I: Plantar surface of cuboid, superficial fibres continuing to bases of 2,3,4th mt bones.

2 Structural Kinesiology (3 decks)

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