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Gross Anatomy 2 > The Knee > Flashcards

The Knee Flashcards

1
Q

What tendon passes over the knee joint with the patella?

A

Quadriceps tendon

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2
Q

The tendon of biceps femoris passes over the knee to attach to which bone?

A

The fibula

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3
Q

Sartorius, gracilis, semimembranous and semitendinous all pass over what side of the knee

A

Medial

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4
Q

What type of joint is the knee joint?

A

Modified hinge joint

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5
Q

What bones are involved in the knee joint?

A

Proximal condyle of the femur, superior surface of the tibia and the patella anteriorly

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6
Q

What are the three articulations of the knee joint?

A
  • Femoropatellar

- Femerotibial x2

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7
Q

Does the fibula articulate in the knee joint?

A

No

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8
Q

What parts of the femur are involved in the knee joint?

A
  • Patellar surface

- Lateral and medial condyles

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9
Q

What is the name of the deep indentation between the lateral and medial condyles of the femur?

A

Intercondylar fossa/notch

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10
Q

What parts of the tibia are involved in the knee joint?

A
  • Lateral and medial condyles
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11
Q

What is the name of the non articular ridge that separates the condyles of the tibia?

A

Intercondyle eminence

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12
Q

What parts of the patella are involved in the knee joint?

A

It’s lateral and medial facets that attach to the femur

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13
Q

What tendon is the patella enclosed within?

A

Quadriceps tendon

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14
Q

What does the anterior knee capsule fuse with?

A
  • Quadriceps tendon
  • Patella
  • Ligamentum patellae
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15
Q

What does the posterior knee capsule enclose?

A

Follows the articular surface of the condyle of the femur and encloses the intercondylar fossa

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16
Q

Where does the synovial membrane attach to the patella and femur?

A

Around the margin of the articular surface

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17
Q

Where does the synovial membrane attach to the tibia?

A

Attaches round the medial and lateral condyles but dips into the intercondyle membrane

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18
Q

What is the name of the structure that covers the inner surface of the fat pads on either side of the patellar ligament?

A

Alar folds

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19
Q

What is the infrapatellar synovial fold?

A

A fold of synovial membrane that hands down and connects the intercondylar fossa to the intercondylar eminence on the tibia

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20
Q

What are bursae?

A

Expansions of the synovial membrane of the knee

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21
Q

What is the main function of bursae?

A

To help lubricate the movement of the tendons around the knee joint

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22
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments of the knee?

A
  • Oblique popliteal ligament
  • Arcuate popliteal ligament
  • Medial and lateral collateral ligaments
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23
Q

What are the intracapsular ligaments of the knee?

A

Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments

24
Q

Name the two popliteal ligaments of the knee

A
  • Oblique popliteal ligament

- Arcuate ligament

25
Q

What is the name of the ligament that reinforces the posterior knee capsule?

A

Oblique popliteal ligament

26
Q

What ligament of the knee forms an arch over popliteus that strengthens then posterolateral joint capsule?

A

Arcuate ligament

27
Q

What is the main function of the medial collateral ligament?

A

To prevent adduction and abduction of the knee joint

28
Q

Where does the medial collateral ligament proximally attach?

A

The medial epicondyle of the femur

29
Q

Where does the medial collateral ligament attach distally?

A

The medial condyle and superior medial surface of the tibia

30
Q

What ligament of the knee has a rope-like appearance and is very strong?

A

Lateral collateral ligament

31
Q

What is the main function of the medial collateral ligament?

A

To attach the femur to the tibia

32
Q

What is the name of the wedge shaped pieces of fibrocartilage that rest on the tibial condyles?

33
Q

Where does the lateral collateral ligament proximally attach?

A

The lateral epicondyle of the femur

34
Q

Where does the lateral collateral ligament distally attach?

A

The lateral side of the head of the fibula

35
Q

What ligament of the knee has the two split bands of the biceps femoris tendon running either side of it?

A

Lateral collateral ligament

36
Q

What ligaments in the knee are usually taute at all times?

A

Cruciate ligaments

37
Q

What ligaments of the knee maintain contact between femoral and tibial articular surfaces when the knee is flexed?

A

Cruciate ligaments

38
Q

What ligaments of the knee are intracapsular but extrasynovial?

A

Cruciate ligaments

39
Q

What structure do the cruciate ligaments attach to?

A

Intercondylar eminence of the tibia

40
Q

Which cruciate ligament prevents hyperextension of the knee and limits medial rotation of the femur when the foot is planted?

A

Anterior cruciate ligament

41
Q

Which cruciate ligament prevents the femur from sliding anteriorly on the tibia when the knee is flexed?

A

Posterior cruciate ligament

42
Q

What band of the anterior cruciate ligament limits flexion of the knee?

A

Anteromedial band

43
Q

Which band of the anterior cruciate ligament limits extension of the knee?

A

Posterolateral band

44
Q

What are the proximal and distal attachment of the anterior cruciate ligament?

A

Proximal - anterior intercodylar area of the tibia

Distal - lateral condyle of the femur

45
Q

Which fossa is the anterior cruciate ligament found in?

A

Intercondylar fossa

46
Q

What are the proximal and distal attachments of the posterior cruciate ligament?

A

Proximal - posterior intercondylar area of the tibia

Distal - lateral side of the medial condyle of the femur

47
Q

What are the menisci closely associated with?

A

Medial and lateral condyles of the tibia

48
Q

What is the role of the menisci?

A

To help with shock absorption in the knee

49
Q

What shape is the medial meniscus?

50
Q

What shape is the lateral meniscus?

51
Q

Which menisci is firmly attached to the tibial collateral ligament?

A

Medial meniscus

52
Q

Which menisci is not tightly attached to the tibial condyle so is freely moveable?

A

Lateral meniscus

53
Q

What is the name of the important anastomosis that surrounds the knee?

A

Periarticular genicular anastomosis

54
Q

What is the main function of the periarticular genicular anastomosis?

A

To provide an alternative route for blood to pass from the thigh to the leg when the knee is flexed

55
Q

Which of the 5 genicular branches of the knee doesn’t contribute to the periarticular genicular anastomosis, and what does it do instead?

A

The middle genicular branch doesn’t supply the anastomosis but instead supplies the cruciate ligaments in the knee joint

Gross Anatomy 2 (13 decks)

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