Pelvic Contents Flashcards
What perineum lines the abdominal cavity, continues into the pelvis and covers the pelvic organs?
Parietal peritoneum
What is the name of the pouch between the uterus and the bladder?
The Vesicouterine pouch
What is the name of the pouch between the uterus and the rectum?
The Rectouterine pouch
How is the broad ligament formed?
From the peritoneum as it passes over the uterus
What forms pouches either side of the uterus?
Parietal peritoneum
Where does the peritoneum pass in males?
Between the rectum and bladder
What is the name of the pouch between the bladder and rectum in males?
Viscicorectal pouch
What holds the bladder to the pubic bone?
Peritoneum
What is the urachas?
A small piece of connective tissue that connects the apex of the bladder to the pubic bone
What is an embryological remnant of the structure that drained the fetal bladder and joined the umbilical cord?
Urachas
What is the trigone?
Triangular internal area off smooth mucous membrane at the base of the bladder
What enters and exits the trigone of the bladder?
The urethra exits the trigone
The ureter enters the trigone
Name the muscular coat of smooth muscle that forms the muscular wall of the bladder
Detrusor muscle
What is the name of the incomplete sphincter at the neck of the bladder?
Sphincter vesicae
What holds the neck of the trigone in place?
The puboprostatic ligament in males
The pubuvesical ligament in females
After the urethra leave the bladder what dos it pass through?
The urogenital diaphragm
What is the name of the group of muscles that are part of the pelvic diaphragm and support the pelvic organs and bladder?
Levator ani
What arteries supply the more superfical bladder?
SUPERIOR VESICLE ARTERIES from the umbilical branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery
What arteries supply the deeper areas of bladder in males?
INFERIOR VESICLE ARTERY from the anterior division or the internal iliac artery
What artery supplies the deeper areas of the bladder in female?
The vaginal artery
Where does venous drainage from the bladder go?
The vesical plexus
Where does the vesical plexus drain?
The internal iliac veins
What system supplies the bladder?
The ANS via the inferior hypogastric plexus
Where does lymph from the bladder drain?
Internal iliac nodes clustered around the internal iliac arteries
Where does lymph from the ureter drain?
Lumbar, common iliac, external iliac and internal iliac nodes
Where does lymph from the urethra drain?
Males drain to deep inguinal nodes
Females drain to sacral nodes
What is the rectum an extension of?
The sigmoid colon
When is the anal canal formed?
When the rectum pierces the pelvic floor
What type of peritoneum covers the upper 1/3 of the rectum?
Visceral peritoneum
What type of peritoneum covers the middle 1/3 of the rectum?
Peritoneal peritoneum
What type of peritoneum covers the lower 1/3 of the peritoneum?
Doesn’t have peritoneum
What muscles support the rectum?
Levator ani
Where are feces stored in the rectum?
Rectal ampulla
What is the name of the sling of muscle that passes around the rectum and contracts to maintain continents?
Puborectalis
The rectum receives arterial supply from which three arteries?
Superior rectal artery
Middle rectal artery
Inferior rectal artery
The superior artery is a terminal continuation of what artery?
Inferior mesenteric artery
The middle rectal artery is a branch of what artery?
Internal iliac artery
The inferior rectal artery is a branch of what artery?
Internal pudendal artery
Where does the superior rectal vein drain?
The portal venous system
Where does the middle rectal vein drain to?
Internal iliac vein
Where does the inferior rectal vein drain?
The internal pudendal vein
The rectum is a site of anastomosis between which veins? And what do each veins drain?
- Portal and systemic veins
- The portal veins drain the superior rectum
- The systemic veins drain the middle and inferior veins
Where does blood from the superior part of the rectum drain?
Blood passes into the portal system via the inferior mesenteric vein
Where does blood from the inferior part of the rectum drain?
Blood drains to local veins that drain to the internal iliac veins that are part of the systemic system
Where does lymph from the superior part of the rectum drain?
To pre-aortic nodes at L3 which are clustered around the mesenteric artery
Where does lymph from the inferior part of the rectum drain?
To internal iliac nodes
Where does lymph from the anal canal, superior to the pectinate line, drain?
Internal iliac nodes
Where does lymph from the anal canal, inferior to the pectinate line, drain?
Superficial inguinal nodes
What covers the uterus?
Broad ligament
What is the broad ligament formed of?
A fold of peritoneum
Where does the main support tot he uterus come from?
The ligaments of the cervix
What are the three areas of the brad ligament?
- Mesovarium
- Mesosalpinx
- Mesometrium
What is the function of the mesovarium of the broad ligament?
To hold the ovaries to the posterior surface of the ligament
What is the function of the mesosalpinx of the broad ligament?
To support the uterine tubes
What is the function of the mesometrium of the broad ligament?
Is the main body of the ligament associated with the body of the uterus
What is the most superior part of the uterus?
The fundus
What part of the uterus is made of myometrium and lined by endometrium that sheds every month?
Uterine wall
What is the name of the small narrow area formed by the walls of uterus and is superior to the cervix?
Internal os
What is the name of the small narrow area found at the cervix?
External os
What is the name of the small spaces either side of the cervix?
Lateral fornix
The uterus receives arterial supply from which arteries?
Uterine arteries (from internal iliac)
What artery does the uterine artery anatomise with?
Ovarian artery
What structures does the ovarian artery supply?
- Ovaries
- Fundus of the uterus
- Uterine tubes
What are the three sections of uterine tubes?
Isthmus
Ampulla
Infundibulum
What is the name of the section of uterine tube that is nearest to the uterine body?
Isthmus
What is the name of the section of the uterine tube that is the expanded area between the isthmus and infundibulum?
Ampulla
What is the name of the section of the uterine tube that is the most distal part of the tube and divides into finger like fimbriae?
Infundibulum
Where is the ovum temporary suspended after being released from the ovary?
Peritoneal cavity
Where is the most common site for fertilisation in the uterine tube?
Isthmus
What is an ectopic pregnancy?
When the ovum implants into the uterine tube or peritoneal cavity instead of the uterus
What cervical ligament runs along the inferior border of the broad ligament and houses the uterine artery and uterine veins?
Transverse cervical ligament
Where does the transverse ligament arise from?
The side of the cervix and the lateral fornix of the vagina.
What ligament attaches the uterus to the labia majora?
Round ligament of the uterus
What is anteversion of the uterus?
When the long axis of the uterus is bent forward on the long axis of the vagina, creating a 90 degree angle between axis
What is anteflexion of the uterus?
When the long axis of the uterus is bent forward at the internal os with the long axis of the vagina, creating a 170 degree angle between axis
What muscles support the uterus to prevent prolapse?
Pelvic floor muscles
The pubococcygeaus muscle forms a loop around the vagina called?
Pubovaginalis
What arteries supply the ovaries?
The ovarian arteries (direct branches of abdominal aorta)
Where does blood from the left ovarian vein drain?
The left renal vein
Where does blood from the right ovarian vein drain?
Directly into the IVC
What ligament passes between the uterus and the ovary?
Ligament of ovary
What ligament carries the ovarian artery and vein?
Suspensory ligament of the ovary
What artery supplies the distal uterus and vagina?
Vaginal artery
What is the vaginal artery a branch of?
Can be a branch of the uterine artery or a direct branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery
What is the male equivalent of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery in female?
Inferior vesicle artery
What artery supplies the distal vagina and perineum?
Internal pudendal artery
Where does lymph from the ovaries drain?
To aortic nodes at the root of the ovarian artery
What structure transports sperm from the testes to the ejaculatory duct and into the urethra?
Vas deferens
What do the vas deferens pass through to enter the pelvis?
Pass into the spermatic cord through the superficial inguinal ring then pass along the inguinal canal and through the deep inguinal ring
What two structure form the ejaculatory duct when they join in the prostate gland?
The vas deferens and the duct of the seminal vesicle
What is the function of the bulbourtheral gland and where is is found?
- Provides secretions to ejaculate
- Found in the deep perineal pouch
What is the function of the seminal vesicles?
Secrete fluid to increase the liquid component of semen and release fructose as a source of energy for sperm
What arteries supply the seminal vesicles?
Inferior vesicle and prostatic arteries
What is the main function of the prostate gland?
To release fluid that increases the liquid component of semen
Where does blood from the prostate drain?
Into its own venous plexus that drains towards the internal iliac veins
What is the role of the pubo-prostatic ligament?
To support the prostate gland along with the muscles of the pelvic floor
Where does most lymph from the lower parts of the bladder, seminal vesicles, prostate gland and rectal tissue of the penis drain?
Lymph nodes clustered around the internal iliac artery
Where does lymph from distal parts of the penis drain?
Deep inguinal nodes
Where does lymph from the testes drain?
Aortic nodes clustered around the root of the testicular artery
