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Gross Anatomy 2 > Pelvic Contents > Flashcards

Pelvic Contents Flashcards

1
Q

What perineum lines the abdominal cavity, continues into the pelvis and covers the pelvic organs?

A

Parietal peritoneum

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2
Q

What is the name of the pouch between the uterus and the bladder?

A

The Vesicouterine pouch

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3
Q

What is the name of the pouch between the uterus and the rectum?

A

The Rectouterine pouch

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4
Q

How is the broad ligament formed?

A

From the peritoneum as it passes over the uterus

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5
Q

What forms pouches either side of the uterus?

A

Parietal peritoneum

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6
Q

Where does the peritoneum pass in males?

A

Between the rectum and bladder

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7
Q

What is the name of the pouch between the bladder and rectum in males?

A

Viscicorectal pouch

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8
Q

What holds the bladder to the pubic bone?

A

Peritoneum

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9
Q

What is the urachas?

A

A small piece of connective tissue that connects the apex of the bladder to the pubic bone

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10
Q

What is an embryological remnant of the structure that drained the fetal bladder and joined the umbilical cord?

A

Urachas

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11
Q

What is the trigone?

A

Triangular internal area off smooth mucous membrane at the base of the bladder

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12
Q

What enters and exits the trigone of the bladder?

A

The urethra exits the trigone

The ureter enters the trigone

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13
Q

Name the muscular coat of smooth muscle that forms the muscular wall of the bladder

A

Detrusor muscle

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14
Q

What is the name of the incomplete sphincter at the neck of the bladder?

A

Sphincter vesicae

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15
Q

What holds the neck of the trigone in place?

A

The puboprostatic ligament in males

The pubuvesical ligament in females

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16
Q

After the urethra leave the bladder what dos it pass through?

A

The urogenital diaphragm

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17
Q

What is the name of the group of muscles that are part of the pelvic diaphragm and support the pelvic organs and bladder?

A

Levator ani

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18
Q

What arteries supply the more superfical bladder?

A

SUPERIOR VESICLE ARTERIES from the umbilical branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery

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19
Q

What arteries supply the deeper areas of bladder in males?

A

INFERIOR VESICLE ARTERY from the anterior division or the internal iliac artery

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20
Q

What artery supplies the deeper areas of the bladder in female?

A

The vaginal artery

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21
Q

Where does venous drainage from the bladder go?

A

The vesical plexus

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22
Q

Where does the vesical plexus drain?

A

The internal iliac veins

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23
Q

What system supplies the bladder?

A

The ANS via the inferior hypogastric plexus

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24
Q

Where does lymph from the bladder drain?

A

Internal iliac nodes clustered around the internal iliac arteries

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25
Q

Where does lymph from the ureter drain?

A

Lumbar, common iliac, external iliac and internal iliac nodes

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26
Q

Where does lymph from the urethra drain?

A

Males drain to deep inguinal nodes

Females drain to sacral nodes

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27
Q

What is the rectum an extension of?

A

The sigmoid colon

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28
Q

When is the anal canal formed?

A

When the rectum pierces the pelvic floor

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29
Q

What type of peritoneum covers the upper 1/3 of the rectum?

A

Visceral peritoneum

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30
Q

What type of peritoneum covers the middle 1/3 of the rectum?

A

Peritoneal peritoneum

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31
Q

What type of peritoneum covers the lower 1/3 of the peritoneum?

A

Doesn’t have peritoneum

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32
Q

What muscles support the rectum?

A

Levator ani

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33
Q

Where are feces stored in the rectum?

A

Rectal ampulla

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34
Q

What is the name of the sling of muscle that passes around the rectum and contracts to maintain continents?

A

Puborectalis

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35
Q

The rectum receives arterial supply from which three arteries?

A

Superior rectal artery
Middle rectal artery
Inferior rectal artery

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36
Q

The superior artery is a terminal continuation of what artery?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

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37
Q

The middle rectal artery is a branch of what artery?

A

Internal iliac artery

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38
Q

The inferior rectal artery is a branch of what artery?

A

Internal pudendal artery

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39
Q

Where does the superior rectal vein drain?

A

The portal venous system

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40
Q

Where does the middle rectal vein drain to?

A

Internal iliac vein

41
Q

Where does the inferior rectal vein drain?

A

The internal pudendal vein

42
Q

The rectum is a site of anastomosis between which veins? And what do each veins drain?

A
  • Portal and systemic veins
  • The portal veins drain the superior rectum
  • The systemic veins drain the middle and inferior veins
43
Q

Where does blood from the superior part of the rectum drain?

A

Blood passes into the portal system via the inferior mesenteric vein

44
Q

Where does blood from the inferior part of the rectum drain?

A

Blood drains to local veins that drain to the internal iliac veins that are part of the systemic system

45
Q

Where does lymph from the superior part of the rectum drain?

A

To pre-aortic nodes at L3 which are clustered around the mesenteric artery

46
Q

Where does lymph from the inferior part of the rectum drain?

A

To internal iliac nodes

47
Q

Where does lymph from the anal canal, superior to the pectinate line, drain?

A

Internal iliac nodes

48
Q

Where does lymph from the anal canal, inferior to the pectinate line, drain?

A

Superficial inguinal nodes

49
Q

What covers the uterus?

A

Broad ligament

50
Q

What is the broad ligament formed of?

A

A fold of peritoneum

51
Q

Where does the main support tot he uterus come from?

A

The ligaments of the cervix

52
Q

What are the three areas of the brad ligament?

A
  • Mesovarium
  • Mesosalpinx
  • Mesometrium
53
Q

What is the function of the mesovarium of the broad ligament?

A

To hold the ovaries to the posterior surface of the ligament

54
Q

What is the function of the mesosalpinx of the broad ligament?

A

To support the uterine tubes

55
Q

What is the function of the mesometrium of the broad ligament?

A

Is the main body of the ligament associated with the body of the uterus

56
Q

What is the most superior part of the uterus?

A

The fundus

57
Q

What part of the uterus is made of myometrium and lined by endometrium that sheds every month?

A

Uterine wall

58
Q

What is the name of the small narrow area formed by the walls of uterus and is superior to the cervix?

A

Internal os

59
Q

What is the name of the small narrow area found at the cervix?

A

External os

60
Q

What is the name of the small spaces either side of the cervix?

A

Lateral fornix

61
Q

The uterus receives arterial supply from which arteries?

A

Uterine arteries (from internal iliac)

62
Q

What artery does the uterine artery anatomise with?

A

Ovarian artery

63
Q

What structures does the ovarian artery supply?

A
  • Ovaries
  • Fundus of the uterus
  • Uterine tubes
64
Q

What are the three sections of uterine tubes?

A

Isthmus
Ampulla
Infundibulum

65
Q

What is the name of the section of uterine tube that is nearest to the uterine body?

A

Isthmus

66
Q

What is the name of the section of the uterine tube that is the expanded area between the isthmus and infundibulum?

A

Ampulla

67
Q

What is the name of the section of the uterine tube that is the most distal part of the tube and divides into finger like fimbriae?

A

Infundibulum

68
Q

Where is the ovum temporary suspended after being released from the ovary?

A

Peritoneal cavity

69
Q

Where is the most common site for fertilisation in the uterine tube?

A

Isthmus

70
Q

What is an ectopic pregnancy?

A

When the ovum implants into the uterine tube or peritoneal cavity instead of the uterus

71
Q

What cervical ligament runs along the inferior border of the broad ligament and houses the uterine artery and uterine veins?

A

Transverse cervical ligament

72
Q

Where does the transverse ligament arise from?

A

The side of the cervix and the lateral fornix of the vagina.

73
Q

What ligament attaches the uterus to the labia majora?

A

Round ligament of the uterus

74
Q

What is anteversion of the uterus?

A

When the long axis of the uterus is bent forward on the long axis of the vagina, creating a 90 degree angle between axis

75
Q

What is anteflexion of the uterus?

A

When the long axis of the uterus is bent forward at the internal os with the long axis of the vagina, creating a 170 degree angle between axis

76
Q

What muscles support the uterus to prevent prolapse?

A

Pelvic floor muscles

77
Q

The pubococcygeaus muscle forms a loop around the vagina called?

A

Pubovaginalis

78
Q

What arteries supply the ovaries?

A

The ovarian arteries (direct branches of abdominal aorta)

79
Q

Where does blood from the left ovarian vein drain?

A

The left renal vein

80
Q

Where does blood from the right ovarian vein drain?

A

Directly into the IVC

81
Q

What ligament passes between the uterus and the ovary?

A

Ligament of ovary

82
Q

What ligament carries the ovarian artery and vein?

A

Suspensory ligament of the ovary

83
Q

What artery supplies the distal uterus and vagina?

A

Vaginal artery

84
Q

What is the vaginal artery a branch of?

A

Can be a branch of the uterine artery or a direct branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery

85
Q

What is the male equivalent of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery in female?

A

Inferior vesicle artery

86
Q

What artery supplies the distal vagina and perineum?

A

Internal pudendal artery

87
Q

Where does lymph from the ovaries drain?

A

To aortic nodes at the root of the ovarian artery

88
Q

What structure transports sperm from the testes to the ejaculatory duct and into the urethra?

A

Vas deferens

89
Q

What do the vas deferens pass through to enter the pelvis?

A

Pass into the spermatic cord through the superficial inguinal ring then pass along the inguinal canal and through the deep inguinal ring

90
Q

What two structure form the ejaculatory duct when they join in the prostate gland?

A

The vas deferens and the duct of the seminal vesicle

91
Q

What is the function of the bulbourtheral gland and where is is found?

A
  • Provides secretions to ejaculate

- Found in the deep perineal pouch

92
Q

What is the function of the seminal vesicles?

A

Secrete fluid to increase the liquid component of semen and release fructose as a source of energy for sperm

93
Q

What arteries supply the seminal vesicles?

A

Inferior vesicle and prostatic arteries

94
Q

What is the main function of the prostate gland?

A

To release fluid that increases the liquid component of semen

95
Q

Where does blood from the prostate drain?

A

Into its own venous plexus that drains towards the internal iliac veins

96
Q

What is the role of the pubo-prostatic ligament?

A

To support the prostate gland along with the muscles of the pelvic floor

97
Q

Where does most lymph from the lower parts of the bladder, seminal vesicles, prostate gland and rectal tissue of the penis drain?

A

Lymph nodes clustered around the internal iliac artery

98
Q

Where does lymph from distal parts of the penis drain?

A

Deep inguinal nodes

99
Q

Where does lymph from the testes drain?

A

Aortic nodes clustered around the root of the testicular artery

Gross Anatomy 2 (13 decks)

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