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Athletic training > the knee > Flashcards

the knee Flashcards

1
Q

which muscle creates flexion?

A

the hamstring

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2
Q

which muscle creates extension when it flexes?

A

quadriceps

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3
Q

which muscles are in the knee?

A

hamstring, quadriceps, and gastroc

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4
Q

what is another name for the kneecap?

A

patella

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5
Q

what are 3 things you look for when an athlete says they have a knee injury?

A
  • Swelling
  • Loss of ROM
  • Limp
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6
Q

what does the anterior drawer test test for?

A

ACL tear

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7
Q

what is the anterior drawer test?

A

having athlete lay on back with injured leg flexed and foot flat on table. wrap hands around tibia below patella pull at you
if the test is positive the ACL will slide towards you

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8
Q

what does the apprehension ACL test test for?

A

ACL tear

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9
Q

what is the apprehension ACL test?

A

athlete on stomach flex injured knee. place one hand over inferior hamstring the other hand around the ankle pull up ankle and twist
if the test is positive the foot will rotate more than normal

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10
Q

what are the two tests to check for ACL damage?

A

Anterior drawer

Apprehension ACL

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11
Q

what are the two cartilage tests?

A

mcmurrays test

apprehension cartilage

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12
Q

what does the mcmurrays test test for?

A

torn cartilage

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13
Q

what is the mcmurrays test?

A

on back. place one hand on lateral side of knee and the other around the bottom of the foot. push knee towards chest and rotate in a clockwise patttern
if the test is positive you will feel popping or clicking in the knee

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14
Q

what does the apprehension cartilage test test for?

A

torn cartilage

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15
Q

what is the apprehension cartilage test?

A

on stomach. flex injured leg up. push down on bottom of foot and twist
if the test is positive grinding or popping felt up into hand

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16
Q

what are the two collateral tests?

A

Valgus stress test and the Varus stress test

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17
Q

what does the Valgus Stress test test for?

A

MCL tear/damage

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18
Q

what does the Varus Stress test test for?

A

LCL tear/ damage

19
Q

what is the Valgus stress test?

A

on back. have injured knee slightly bent. place one hand around ankle and the other on lateral side of knee. pull ankle hand and push with knee hand
if test is positive the knee will buckle in with a clunk while returning

20
Q

what is the Varus stress test?

A

on back. same as valgus stress except you will be putting one hand on the medial side of the knee
if test is positive the knee will buckle out with a clunk while returning

21
Q

an unhappy triad involves injury to what structures?

A

A sprained ACL, MCL and Cartilage

22
Q

what special tests can be done on an athlete with an unhappy triad? (there are 6)

A
  • Anterior Drawer
  • Apprehension ACL
  • Mcmurrays test
  • Apprehension Cartilage
  • Valgus stress test
  • Varus stress test
23
Q

an athlete comes to you complaining of pain right below the patella. there is a bump located there and it hurts when he runs, jumps, or sits cross-legged. what condition might the athlete have? when does this condition usually occur?

A

Patellar dislocation. This usually occurs when there has been a twist of the knee or a direct blow

24
Q

an athlete twists her right knee and hears a pop. what structure might be damaged and what special tests can be done to check this structure?

A

the MCL or LCL could be damaged. the tests you can use are the valgus stress test and the varus stress test

25
Q

the intention of knee rehabilitation is to what?

A

Increase ROM & Strength

Decrease swelling

26
Q

what two range of motion excersizes used during level one rehabilitation?

A

heel slides & towel stretch

27
Q

what can an athlete do during level one rehabilitation to strengthen the muscles around the knee?

A

Quad Sets

28
Q

what releases an athlete back to playing sports after an ACL reconstruction?

A

85% ROM

29
Q

what part of the knee provides shock absorption?

A

cartilage

30
Q

what types of excersizes are done during the last stage of rehabilitation of an ACL surgery?

A

sports specific exercises

31
Q

how can you identify a knee injury?

A
  • Swelling
  • Looseness
  • Loss of ROM
  • Limp
  • Discoloration
  • Legs don’t line up
  • can’t bare weight
  • patella out of place
32
Q

how is an MCL sprain caused?

A

by a Valgus Force

33
Q

what are the signs of an MCL sprain?

A
  • Swelling
  • Pain over MCL
  • Loss of ROM
  • Most common knee injury
  • Will feel pop or sharp pain (audible)
34
Q

what causes an LCL sprain?

A

A varus force

35
Q

What are the signs of an LCL sprain?

A
  • Doesn’t occur often
  • Pain&Tenderness over LCL
  • Looseness
36
Q

what are the signs of an ACL sprain?

A
  • Caused by a twisting force
  • Audible pop
  • Very unstable
  • Lots of pain & swelling
  • Loss of ROM
  • Will require surgery
37
Q

what are the signs of torn cartilage?

A
  • Can happen by itself or with another injury
  • Will have pain with loss of ROM
  • Can play w/ this injury just has to deal with pain
  • Will require surgery
38
Q

what is an unhappy triad?

A
  • Sprained ACL, MCL, and Cartilage

- usually caused by a twist & valgus force

39
Q

what is a patellar dislocation?

A
  • caused by a twist of knee or direct blow
  • Chronic weakness in Quadriceps muscle
  • Pain/Deformity
  • Can reduce it usually by extension
40
Q

what are the 4 ligaments in the knee?

A
  • ACL
  • MCL
  • LCL
  • PCL
41
Q

what 3 bones are in the knee?

A
  • Tibia
  • Femur
  • Fibula
42
Q

what is the Varus force?

A

A force that hits the lateral side of the knee

43
Q

What is the Varus force?

A

a force that hits the medial side of the knee

Athletic training (4 decks)

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