hip/heat related illness Flashcards
what are the 6 muscles that support the hip joint?
- Hip Flexor
- Quadriceps
- Hamstring
- IT Band
- Gluteus maximus
- Groin
name the four movements of the hip.
- extension
- flexion
- adduction
- abduction
what muscles cause each of the movements of the hip?
Extension - hip flexor, glutious max., hamstring
Flexion - Quad
Adduction - Groin
Adbuction - IT band
how do you measure for True Leg Length?
Iliac crest —-> lateral malleolus
how do you measure for functional leg length?
Belly button —> medial malleolus
by checking for true leg length and functional leg length, what are you checking for?
if the legs are the same length, checking for injury
what would you do for an athlete who constantly gets hit in the same spot on his left quadriceps?
Put pads on them & protect it
An athlete comes to you with a very hard bone-like growth in her right quadriceps. what do you believe this athlete has in her quadriceps? What will the athlete most likely have done to correct the problem?
A calcium of bone-like growth surgery & have it removed (Myositis Osificans)
A football player goes down in agony. When you get out to inspect the player his left leg seems to be slightly shorter and his left thigh rotates out. He is in extreme pain and seems to be showing signs of shock. He is shaking, his pulse if rapid and weak, and he seems to be losing consciousness. what is his injury? What would you do to treat the shock?
Fractured femur, keep warm, talk to him, elevate other leg
why is a dislocated hip a medical emergency?
- Could go into shock
- Cuts off blood flow
what does the Kendall’s test test for?
Hip flexor, tightness (could cause strain)
What does the Obers test test for?
IT band, tightness or strain
A track athlete comes to you asking for a good stretching program. she wants to decrease her chance of straining a hip muscle. What would be a good stretching program with at least 1 stretch for each hip muscle? Explain them.
Quad: pull heel up to butt Hamstring: Touch toes IT band: left over right lean over left Groin: lung Gluteus: pretzel stretch Hip Flexor: kendalls
A football player gets tackled. He gets up limping. When you ask him what happened, he explains that the opposing players helmet hit him hard in the hipbone. when you try to touch the injury the player winces in pain. His hip range of motion is limited and a bruise is starting to appear on a iliac crest. What do you believe his injury is? What immediate treatment would you use?
Hip Pointer, RICE
An athlete comes to you complaining of dizziness. You notice the athlete is sweating heavily and has flushed skin. As you notice these things the athlete vomits. What might the athlete be suffering from? How would you treat it?
Heat exhaustion
Shade/Water
Cool Down
What are the 3 best liquids for an athlete to stay hydrated with?
Water
Juice
Gatorade that’s watered down
How can you tell if a person is well hydrated?
If the urine is clear
Can a person not be thirsty and still be dehydrated?
yes
What type of heat illness is a medical emergency? What are the signs and how do you treat this athlete?
Heat stroke, Heat cramp if really bad, Sweating stops, Dizzyness, Put him in an ice bath
what does Passive Motion, Gentle massage, RICE, and Muscle setting all have in common?
Hip Rehab
how do you test the quad?
Extend knee and hand below knee
how do you test the hip flexor?
Flexion, put hand on quad
how do you test the groin?
The knee, adduction
how do you test the IT band?
the knee, abduction
how do you test the hamstring?
Gastroc, flexion
how do you test the gluteus maximus?
hamstring, extention
what are the symptoms & treatment of heat cramps?
SYMPTOMS
-Cramps
TREATMENTS
- Drink water
- Cool area
- Massage cramp
what are the symptoms & treatment of heat exhaustion?
SYMPTOMS
- Blurry Vision
- Feel Sick
- Sweating
TREATMENT
- Cooler area
- Drink water
what are the symptoms & treatment of heat stroke?
SYMPTOMS
-Don’t Sweat
TREATMENT
- cool immediately
- call 911
what are the preventions of heat related illness before?
Drink 8oz of water
what are the preventions of heat related illness after?
drink 4-5 oz of water
what should you do after you exercise?
replace water you lose (16oz of water per pound loss)
what shouldn’t you use to hydrate yourself?
- Soda
- Coffee/Tea
- All energy drinks
how do you stretch the IT band?
while standing, cross left leg in front of right. bend to the left at waist. repeat sequence with opposite leg
what do you look for when searching for a hip injury?
- True leg length - ASIS to lateral malleolus
- Functional Leg Length - belly button to medial malleolus
- Contusion
- Swelling
- Limp
- Pain while urinating
- Back Soreness (hamstring)
how can you identify a quad contusion?
- direct blow
- swelling
- Loss of ROM
- MYOSITIS OSSIFICANS- bone like structure forms in muscles due to repeated blows. A way the body protects against injury. Needs to be surgically removed.
how can you identify a fractured femur?
•Direct Blow or twisting •Injured leg gets shorter •Thigh rotates out •MAJOR INJURY- body may go into shock 1. maintain body heat 2. elevate feet if possible 3. monitor pulse, breathing, blood pressure and consciousness
how can you identify a dislocation of the hip?
- head of femur pops out of acetabulum
- Will see deformity
- Medical emergency because it can cut off blood flow to lower leg
how can you identify a hip pointer?
- Contusion to iliac crest
- Will show a bruise and swelling
- Moderate to severe pain and limp
how can you identify strained hip muscles?
- most common are quads, hamstring and groin
- Will feel slight pull/pain w/ minor strains to extreme pain, deformity, swelling, and bruising to severe strains
- Can cause athletes to miss contests
- Special tests can be used to test the severity and readiness to play again
how do you perform the Obers test?
- Person on there side
- Bend top knee, extend hip, abduct hip and drop
Positive test will be pain while dropping for strain and stationary for tightness
how do you perform the Kendall’s test?
- Person on back
- Bring one knee to chest
- Other leg will remain straight
If the leg comes off of the table, muscle is tight
what does the manual muscle testing test?
to determine strength or readiness to participate after injury & can be done on all 6 hip muscles
how do you test a torn quad?
- Place hand one muscle south of muscle being tested
- Apply pressure
- Extend
If isn’t able to kick out then send to rehab
how do you rehabilitate the hip?
- Lots of RICE, muscle setting, GENTLE massage, and passive movement.
- Once swelling and pain decreases, more aggressive massage and leg strengthening excersizes can occur, light running
- sport specific activities
what are the 3 quad stretches?
Flamingo, Stomach flamingo, walking flamingo
what are the 3 hamstring stretches?
- 3 point stretch
- right over left / left over right, touch toes
- kickers
what are the 2 gluteus max. stretches?
pretzel
•butt stretch
what are the 3 groin stretches?
Butterflies, Left right & left, groin stretch
what are the 2 hip flexor stretches?
kendall’s, hurdles
