The Kidneys And Homeostasis

Question 0

What are the 6 main things that need controlled?

Answer 0

Body temperature, water content, ion content, blood sugar level, carbon dioxide and urea

Question 1

What is homeostasis?

Answer 1

The maintenance of a constant internal environment

Question 2

Why does body temperature have to be controlled?

Answer 2

So that enzymes can work best as possible

Question 3

What temperature do enzymes work best at?

Answer 3

37 degrees

Question 4

What happens when your body is too hot?

Answer 4

Hairs lie flat, sweat is produced and blood vessels supplying the skin dilate

Question 5

What happens when your body is too cold?

Answer 5

Hair stands up, blood vessels supplying skin construct and you shiver which releases energy

Question 6

What are the three main roles of the kidneys?

Answer 6

Removal of urea from the blood, adjustment of ions in the blood and adjustment of water content of the blood

Question 7

Why does urea need removed?

Answer 7

Urea is a waste product of amino acids made in the liver, it is poisonous and released into the bloodstream by the liver but filtered out by the kidneys and temporary stored in the Irvine until it’s excerpted from the body

Question 8

Why does the ion content need to be adjusted?

Answer 8

Having the wrong amount of water or ions can damage the cells or not allow them to work properly because it ruins the balance, excess ions are removed by the kidneys, some are lost in sweat but the balance is always managed by the kidneys

Question 9

Where is water lost from in the body?

Answer 9

Urine, sweat and in the air we breathe out

Question 10

Where is the water loss controlled?

Answer 10

Liquid consumption, amount we sweat and the amount extorted by the kidneys in the urine

Question 11

What do sports drinks do?

Answer 11

Replace lost water, sugar and ions

Question 12

What are the filtration units in the kidneys called?

Answer 12

Nephrons

Question 13

From the blood, where does water, urea, ions and sugar go?

Answer 13

Into the Bowman’s Capsule

Question 14

When a high pressure builds up to squeeze substances out, what is it called?

Answer 14

Ultrafiltration

Question 15

What do the membranes between the blood vessels and the bowman’s capsule do?

Answer 15

Act as filters so that big molecules can’t pass through

Question 16

What surrounds the nephron?

Answer 16

A capillary network supplying blood

Question 17

What happens in the nephron?

Answer 17

Reabsorption

Question 18

What is reabsorbed?

Answer 18

All of the sugars, sufficient ions and sufficient water

Question 19

What is excreted as urine?

Answer 19

Urea and remaining waste

Question 21

Where are nephrons located?

Answer 21

In the urine

Question 22

What are the two solutions to kidney failure?

Answer 22

Dialysis and transplant

Question 23

What do the kidneys do?

Answer 23

Remove waste substances from the blood

Question 24

What happens if the kidneys stop working?

Answer 24

Waste substances build up and you can’t control the ion and water levels in your body which will eventually result in death

Question 25

What does a dialysis machine do?

Answer 25

Filters the blood and removes water substances out

Question 26

Why are useful ions and glucose not lost from the blood during dialysis?

Answer 26

The dialysis fluid has the same concentration of ions and glucose as healthy blood

Question 27

What are the disadvantages of dialysis?

Answer 27

It can cause blood clots or infections and has to be done multiple times a week for 3-4 hours

Question 28

What is done to prevent kidney transplants being rejected?

Answer 28

The patient is giving immune suppressants and a donor with a tissue type that closely matches is chosen

Question 29

What controls blood glucose levels?

Answer 29

Insulin and glucagon

Question 30

What monitors the changes in blood glucose?

Answer 30

The pancreas using the hormones insulin and glucagon

Question 31

What happens if the glucose level is too high?

Answer 31

Insulin is added and the liver removes the glucose

Question 32

What happens if the glucose level is too low?

Answer 32

Glucagon is added and the liver adds glucose

Question 33

What is type 1 diabetes caused by?

Answer 33

Lack of insulin produced by the pancreas

Question 34

How is type 1 diabetes controlled?

Answer 34

Limiting intake of sugar, regular exercise to lower blood glucose level and insulin therapy

Question 35

Where is the insulin from insulin therapy extracted from?

Answer 35

the pancreases of pigs, cows or sometimes humans by genetic engineering