The Circulatory System

Question 0

How does the heart pump blood around the body?

Answer 0

It’s contracts

Question 1

Why do we have a double circulatory system?

Answer 1

One pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs to take in oxygen and the other pumps oxygenated blood around the body to give up its oxygen to the body cells

Question 2

How many chambers does the heart have?

Answer 2

4

Question 3

Name the 4 chambers of the heart

Answer 3

Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium and left ventricle

Question 4

Where does the blood which flows into the atriums come from?

Answer 4

The vena cava or the pulmonary vein

Question 5

When the atriums contract, where does the blood go?

Answer 5

Into the ventricles

Question 6

When the ventricles contract, where does the blood go?

Answer 6

The pulmonary vein or the aorta and out of the heart

Question 7

What does the blood flow to the organs through?

Answer 7

Arteries

Question 8

What does the blood flow through when it returns to the heart?

Answer 8

Veins

Question 9

How many types of blood vessels are there?

Answer 9

3

Question 10

What is the function of an artery?

Answer 10

To carry blood away from the heart

Question 11

What is the function of a capillary?

Answer 11

They’re involved in the exchange of materials at the tissues

Question 12

What is the function of a vein?

Answer 12

To carry blood to the heart

Question 13

How is an artery adapted?

Answer 13

The walls are strong and elastic to withstand pressure and they have layers of muscles to keeps them strong with elastic fibres to allow them to stretch and spring back

Question 14

How is a capillary adapted?

Answer 14

They’re really small so they can get to every cell, they have permeable walls do diffusion can happen and they are only one cells thick so this increases the rate of diffusion

Question 15

How is a vein adapted?

Answer 15

Less thick walls because not as much pressure and valves to help keep the blood flow in the right direction

Question 16

What are the 4 main things in the blood?

Answer 16

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma

Question 17

What do red blood cells do and why are the good at this?

Answer 17

The carry oxygen - they have a doughnut shape giving them a large surface area for absorbing more oxygen, they don’t have a nuclear do more space for oxygen and they carry haemoglobin

Question 18

What is haemoglobin?

Answer 18

A red pigment which combines with oxygen in the lungs to make oxyhemoglobin and in body tissues the oxyhemoglobin splits up into haemoglobin and oxygen into release oxygen into the cells

Question 19

What do white blood cells do and why are the good at this?

Answer 19

Defend against disease - they change shape to engulf microorganism and produce antibodies and antitoxins

Question 20

What do platelets do and why are the good at this?

Answer 20

Help blood clot - they are small fragments of cells which help the blood to clot at wounds

Question 21

What does plasma do and why are they good at this?

Answer 21

Carries everything in the blood - carries red and white blood cells, platelets, nutrients, carbon dioxide, urea, hormones, antitoxins and antibodies

Question 22

What is coronary heart disease?

Answer 22

A disease where the arteries that supply blood to your heart get blocked by fatty deposits which makes the arteries narrow and restricts blood flow which can result in a heart attack

Question 23

What can you do to resolve this?

Answer 23

Insert stents into the arteries

Question 24

What do stents do?

Answer 24

Keep the arteries open do blood can pass through

Question 25

What are the advantages of stents?

Answer 25

They lower the risk of a heart attack

Question 26

What are the disadvantages of stents?

Answer 26

Over time the artery can narrow again which makes the stent irritate the artery so scar tissues grows, and the patient has to take drugs to stop blood clots

Question 27

What is artificial blood?

Answer 27

A blood substitute which is normally a salt solution (saline) which is used to replace blood which has been lost and help keep people alive and allow them to replace their red blood cells

Question 28

What are the advantages of an artificial heart?

Answer 28

Less likely to be rejected by body’s immune system and reduces need for heart donors

Question 29

What are the disadvantages of an artificial heart?

Answer 29

Surgery to fit it can cause bleeding and infection, artificial hearts don’t work as well as natural ones, it can fail, blood doesn’t flow as smoothly so can lead to strokes and patient had to take blood thinking drugs