the kidneys

Question 1

how can water be lost by the body ?

Answer 1

• via lungs during exhalation
• skin -sweat
• kidneys-urine

Question 2

what happens if the body cells lose or gain too much water by osmosis ?

Answer 2

the cells don’t function properly

Question 3

what is selectively reabsorbed ?

Answer 3

• water
• glucose
• ions

Question 4

what is removed by body urine ?

Answer 4

• excess water
• ions
• urea

Question 5

what is the process called when the body filters out wasted products ?

Answer 5

filtration

Question 6

why cant some proteins and amino acids be stored by the body ?

Answer 6

because the molecules are to large to be filtered out

Question 7

what are any excess amino acids converted into and what is this process called ?

Answer 7

• fats and carbohydrates which can be stored

* happens in the liver by the process of deamination

Question 8

describe how amino acids are safely excreted by the process of deamination ?

Answer 8

in the liver the amino acids are dominated to form ammonia which is toxic so its immediately converted to urea for safe excretion

Question 9

what hormone controls the concentration of urine ?

Answer 9

ADH

Question 10

what does ADH stand for ?

Answer 10

anti-diuretic hormone

Question 11

where is ADH released from ?

Answer 11

the pituitary gland

Question 12

where does the hormone ADH act on ?

Answer 12

the kidney tubules

Question 13

what does more of the hormone ADH mean ?

Answer 13

more water is reabsorbed back into the blood

Question 14

what does less of the hormone ADH mean ?

Answer 14

less water is reabsorbed back into the blood

Question 15

describe the process how negative feedback regulates water content ?

Answer 15

*a receptor in the brain detects the water content is too high /low
*cc in brain receives this info and process a response
*pituitary gland released less/more ADH so less/more
water is reabsorbed fro the kidney tubules

Question 16

how can people with kidney failure be treated ?

Answer 16

• organ transplant

* kidney dialysis

Question 17

how does kidney dialysis work ?

Answer 17

• blood flows through a partially permeable membrane surrounded y dialysis fluid
• the membrane is permeable to ions and waste substances but not big molecules like proteins

Question 18

what is dialysis fluid ?

Answer 18

like blood has the same conc. f dissolved ions and glucose as healthy blood

Question 19

how are products of dialysis removed from the blood?

Answer 19

by diffusion

Question 20

how long does dialysis work ?

Answer 20

*session 3 times a week which takes 3-4 hour sessions

Question 21

what are the advantages and disadvantages of kidney transplants ?

Answer 21

disadvantages :
*donor kidney can  rejected by immune system 
* have to match blood types 
*long waiting lists 
advantages :
*cheaper 
*less time wasted on dialysis treatment

Question 22

what are the advantages and disadvantages of dialysis ?

Answer 22

disadvantages :

• expensive
• not a pleasant experience
• time consuming
  advantages:
• buys valuable time rather than waiting for a donor