The kidneys

Question 1

what is the purpose of the ADH hormone

Answer 1

regulates the water content of the blood by controlling how much water is absorbed in the nephrons of the kidney

Question 2

what 4 steps occur when there is not enough water in the blood

Answer 2

1. the brain senses that there is not enough water in the blood
2. the pituitary gland secretes more ADH
3. more ADH makes the collecting ducts more permeable so that more water is absorbed from the kidney back into the blood
4. a small volume of concentrated urine if produced

Question 3

what 4 steps occur when there is too much water in the blood

Answer 3

1. the brain senses that there is too much water in the blood
2. the pituitary gland secretes less ADH
3. more ADH makes the collecting ducts less permeable so that less water is absorbed from the kidney back into the blood
4. a large volume of dilute urine is produced

Question 4

what is kidney failure and what are the effects

Answer 4

when the kidney stops working properly, excesses water, mineral ions and urea build up in the body

Question 5

what are 2 methods to treat kidney failure

Answer 5

dialysis
transplant

Question 6

what is dialysis

Answer 6

where the patient’s blood is pumped into a dialysis machine that will act like an artificial kidney and remove any of the excess water or urea and pump the blood back into the body

Question 7

how does a dialysis machine work

Answer 7

the patient’s blood is pumped through the machine tubes, which will be surrounded by a dialysis fluid that contains the same concentration of useful substances as blood so that useful substances are not lost. the blood will pass through partially permeable membranes that will allow excess water and urea to diffuse into the fluid so that no useful substances are lost

Question 8

why is it important that the dialysis fluid is constantly being replaced

Answer 8

so that the fluid and the blood do not reach an equilibrium and stop diffusing

Question 9

how often and how long does dialysis occur

Answer 9

every 2 to 3 days and takes 3 hours

Question 10

what are 3 negatives of dialysis

Answer 10

could cause blood clots or infections
expensive to run
will have to be done for the rest of their life

Question 11

what is a kidney transplant

Answer 11

a surgical procedure where a person’s kidney is replaced

Question 12

what is the risk of a kidney transplant

Answer 12

the body could reject it if the antigens on the kidney cells are difficult

Question 13

what is a method used to reduce the risk of kidney rejection

Answer 13

making sure the antigens of the kidney are similar to the patients