the jaw/tongue muscles

Question 1

▶ Comprises two main parts: the upper jaw (___) and the lower jaw (___).
▶ The ____ is the only movable part of the jaw, playing a crucial role in speech
and mastication.

Answer 1

maxilla, mandible
mandible

Question 2

the mandible is formed from two bones fused at the ___ ____

Answer 2

mental symphysis

Question 3

landmarks of the mandible:
▶ ____: The horseshoe-shaped lower part, holding the lower teeth.
▶ ___ The vertical part connecting to the skull.
▶ ___ Where the body meets the ramus.
▶ ____ and ____ Process: Two protrusions at the top of the ramus.
▶ ___ ____: The depression between the condyle and coronoid process.

Answer 3

Body
Ramus:
Angle:
Condyle, Coronoid
Mandibular Notch

Question 4

what is the Mental Protuberance

Answer 4

A triangular projection on the anterior part of the mandible located at the midline; basically, it’s your chin.

Question 4

The mental spines are located in the midline on the____ (inner) surface of the
mandible, specifically on the ___ ____

Superior mental spines: Serve as the origin for the ____ muscle
Inferior mental spines: Serve as the origin for the ____ muscle

Answer 4

lingual
mandibular symphysis.

genioglossus
geniohyoid

Question 4

what is the function of the Temporomandibular Joint

Answer 4

Connects the mandible to the temporal bone of the skull

Question 4

mandibular foramen location, structure, function

Answer 4

▶ Location: Located on the internal surface of the ramus of the mandible.
▶ Structure: An opening that serves as the entry point for the inferior alveolar nerve
and vessels.
▶ The vessels supply blood to the lower teeth and surrounding bone (connected to dental pain)!

Question 5

mental foramen location and structure

Answer 5

▶ Location: Situated on the external surface of the mandible, near the apex of the
mandibular premolar teeth.
▶ Structure: A small opening that allows the passage of the mental nerve and blood
vessels

Question 5

What structure is located on the opposite side of the mental protuberance?
A The mental spines
B The mylohyoid lines
C The mental syphysis
D Coronoid process

Answer 5

A

Question 6

masseter muscle primary function, origin, insertion, divided into two parts:

Answer 6

▶ Primary function: Elevates the mandible (jaw closing).
▶ Origin: Zygomatic arch.
▶ Insertion: Ramus and angle of the mandible.
▶ Divided into two parts: Deep head and shallow head.

Question 7

what is the strongest muscle in the cranial part, helping to create force to chew

Answer 7

masseter muscle: deep head

Question 8

what is the temporal fossa
origin of the ___ muscle

Answer 8

A shallow depression on the lateral side
of the skull
temporalis

Question 9

which 4 bones does the temporal fossa intersect with

Answer 9

frontal, parietal, temporal, sphenoid

Question 10

temporalis muscle function, origin, insertion,
___-like shape

Answer 10

▶ Function: Elevates and retracts the mandible (fast closing).
▶ Origin: Temporal fossa.
▶ Insertion: Coronoid process of the mandible.

fan-like shape

Question 11

Which one is FALSE about the temporalis muscle?
A It is a muscle of mastication.
B It depresses the mandible during jaw opening.
C Its origin intersects with the frontal bone.
D It inserts on the coronoid process of the mandible.

Answer 11

B

Question 12

the medial and lateral pterygoid both generally have the same origin and insertion:

medial function:
lateral function:

Answer 12

origin: shenoid bone, maxilla
insertion: mandible

medial: Elevates the mandible
lateral: Controls side-to-side movement of the jaw
▶ also aids in protrusion of the jaw

Question 13

jaw depressor muscles:

Include:
▶ ____ belly of the ____muscle.
▶ ___
▶ ____

what is their function

Answer 13

Anterior, digastric
Mylohyoid.
Geniohyoid.

▶ Responsible for lowering the mandible.
▶ These muscles also stabilize the hyoid bone and assist in tongue movement

Question 14

Which of the following muscles does NOT contribute to the elevation of the mandible?
A Temporalis muscle
B Masseter muscle
C Medial pterygoid muscle
D Lateral pterygoid muscle

Answer 14

D

Question 15

4 extrinsic tongue muscles:

Answer 15

▶ Genioglossus
▶ Palatoglossus
▶ Hyoglossus
▶ Styloglossus

Question 16

genioglossus origin, insertion, function
▶ Divided into three sections:

Answer 16

▶ Origin: Mental spine of the mandible.
▶ Insertion: Throughout the tongue, from tip to root.
▶ Actions: Protracts, depresses, and can groove the tongue.

▶ anterior (GGa): lowers and retracts tongue front
▶ middle (GGm): lowers and pulls forward tongue body; creates groove
▶ posterior (GGp): pulls tongue root forward

Question 17

ex. if you want to lower your tongue and contract your tongue, what part of the genioglossus would you use?

Answer 17

anterior

Question 18

palatoglossus origin insertion function

Answer 18

▶ Origin: Palatine aponeurosis.
▶ Insertion: Sides of the tongue body.
▶ Actions: Elevates the tongue, assists in uvular constrictions, and narrows the
oropharyngeal isthmus (OPI).

Question 19

hyoglossus origin insertion function

Answer 19

▶ Origin: Greater horn of the hyoid bone.
▶ Insertion: Sides of the tongue.
\▶ Actions: Pulls the tongue down and back, especially the back of the tongue

Question 20

styloglossus origin insertion function

Answer 20

▶ Origin: Styloid process of the temporal bone. ▶ Insertion: Sides of the tongue, interlocks with intrinsic tongue muscles.
▶ Actions: Traditionally thought to raise and retract the tongue; it’s role in speech is
under review though.

Question 21

Four main intrinsic muscles:

Answer 21

▶ the superior longitudinal, ▶ the inferior longitudinal, ▶ the transverse/transversus, ▶ the vertical/verticalis

Question 22

sup. long. Location Structure and function

Answer 22

beneath the mucous membrane on the upper surface of the tongue , ▶ runs along the length of the tongue (root to apex) shortens the tongue, ▶ pulls the tip upward and backward, and makes the dorsal surface of the tongue concave

Question 23

Which of the following tongue movements or speech gestures most likely requires activation of the superior longitudinal muscle? A Flattening the tongue blade B Curling the tongue tip upward C Pulling the tongue upward and backward D Pulling the tongue forward

Answer 23

B it cannot pull the entire tongue up or back, it is only an intrinsic muscle

Question 24

inferior long. location structure and function

Answer 24

located along underside of tongue it runs parallel to the superior longitudinal muscle but on the tongue’s under surface. pulls the tongue tip downward. ▶ gives the tongue a convex shape.

Question 25

transversus location, structure, function ' originates at the lingual ___ inserts into the lingual ___ (= lateral edge of the tongue)

Answer 25

runs laterally across the tongue, narrows the tongue from side-side helps thicken/push tongue forward (portrusion) septum, margin

Question 26

* distinction between i and u - can be amount of activation of ___ muscle

Answer 26

tranverse

Question 27

verticalis location, structure and function its more concentrated in the ____ part of the tongue

Answer 27

▶ this muscle runs perpendicular to the transverse muscles ▶ layered set of muscle sheets interwoven between the transversus fibers flattens and widens the tongue. anterior

Question 28

are the transverse and verticalis activated together

Answer 28

no they cant be

Question 29

Say the word "moth". Which one is true about the intrinsic muscles of the tongue for the last consonant? (Choose the best option!) A both verticalis and superior longitudinals are active B both transversus and inferior longitudinals are active C verticalis is active but superior longitudinals are not D transversus is active but inferior longitudinals are not

Answer 29

A

Question 30

A speech-language pathologist observes that a patient is experiencing difficulty with mastication, particularly when moving the jaw laterally. This impairment affects the patient's ability to chew food properly which requires lateral jaw movements. Which muscle might be implicated in the patient's difficulties? Temporalis Lateral pterygoid Medial pterygoid Masseter

Answer 30

Lateral pterygoid

Question 31

Which of the following muscle pairs correctly match both their origin and function? Genioglossus – originates at mental spine; protracts and depresses tongue Hyoglossus – originates at temporal bone; elevates tongue Styloglossus – originates at mandible; depresses tongue Palatoglossus – originates at hyoid bone; retracts tongu

Answer 31

Genioglossus – originates at mental spine; protracts and depresses tongue

Question 32

A linguist is investigating how dental anesthesia affects articulation. If the anesthetic is administered through the mental foramen, which articulatory function is most likely to be disrupted? Correct answer: Sensation in the lower lip and chin Lowering of the jaw Left-to-right movement of the mandible Raising of the jaw

Answer 32

Sensation in the lower lip and chin

Question 33

John is looking at a midsaggital slice/image of the tongue of a subject and notices a groove around the tongue body area. It is the genioglossus muscle that can create such a groove in the tongue. True False

Answer 33

true

Question 34

The masseter muscle, like the temporalis, inserts on the coronoid process of the mandible and primarily contributes to jaw retraction. True False

Answer 34

false

Question 35

The mandibular foramen is located on the external surface of the mandible, while the mental foramen is found internally on the ramus. True False

Answer 35

false

Question 36

Mary is curious if the tongue dorsum lowers in [d] compared to [n], which involves a raising of the tongue tip. Ultrasound imaging would be an effective choice for Mary in this study. True False

Answer 36

false

Question 37

Which of the following muscles would be substantially activated during the production of [d], as in the word "middle"? trasnverse vertical inferior longitudinal superior longitudinal

Answer 37

superior long.

Question 38

Which of the following statements is FALSE about tongue bracing during speech production? Medial constrictions are typically paired with medial bracing to maintain airflow. Bracing directs airflow through the target constriction site. Bracing helps stabilize the tongue and improve the accuracy of constriction. Bracing provides somatosensory feedback about tongue position due to limited proprioception

Answer 38

Medial constrictions are typically paired with medial bracing to maintain airflow.

Question 39

The vertical muscle of the tongue primarily functions to narrow and elongate the tongue during speech articulation. True False

Answer 39

false

Question 40

Within the tongue, the inferior longitudinal muscle is positioned more medially than the styloglossus muscle. True False

Answer 40

true

Question 41

The lateral sound [l] in the word "middle" requires a narrow tongue, which is primarily achieved through contraction of the inferior longitudinal muscle. True False

Answer 41

false

Question 42

Which statement correctly describes the spatial relationship between the inferior longitudinal muscle and the styloglossus muscle? The inferior longitudinal lies superficial to the styloglossus The inferior longitudinal is lateral to the styloglossus The inferior longitudinal is medial to the styloglossus The inferior longitudinal originates from the styloid proce

Answer 42

The inferior longitudinal is medial to the styloglossus