putting articulators together Flashcards
▶ How are the movements of different articulators timed and controlled?
▶ Solutions are offered by two main model types:
1. Context-____ (“look-ahead”) models
2. Context-_____ models
sensitive
invariant
stored motion plans for context-sensitive models are built from 3 things. in speech context an example would be:
▶ Motor ____: movement of jaw or tongue.
▶ Motor _____: stored patterns like phones or syllables.
▶ Motor ____: unique sequences like sentences.
primitives
programs
plans
what is the challenge posed with the inverse problem in speech?
does this relate to context sensitive or invariant?
Multiple articulatory configurations can yield similar acoustic outputs.
ex. vowel [i] can be produced with slightly different tongue and lip positions, but
still sound the same.
invariant
Formal theories combine both perspectives:
▶ Motor ____ level: long-term stored structures
▶ Motor ___ level: computes dynamics in real time
program
system
a central “clock” regulates movement timing.
this describes ___ timing
Relative movement cycles rather than absolute time.
this describes ___ timing
extrinsic
intrinsic
Anatomical coupling refers to:
with tightly coupled articulators:
with independent articulators:
the degree to which two articulators influence each other’s movement.
movements in one often affect the other.
can move without significantly affecting each other.
what are a couple examples of tightly couples articulators vs independent articulators
tightly coupled:
Tongue tip and tongue body
Lips and jaw
Relatively Independent:
velum
larynx
sounds that involve independent/coupled articulators are easier to coordinate and more common across languages
sounds that involve independent/coupled articulators are harder to learn
independent
tightly coupled
context invariant models carry out a task __ approach
dynamic
in terms of task dynamics, phase alignment refers to:
the timing relationship between gestures.
what are lingual-lingual sounds
what sound types (2)
sounds that require two distinct tongue constrictions
Liquids and Clicks.
Task dynamics explains ____ timing via ____ alignment.
intrinsic
phase
why would an articulatory conflict arise for the sound [ki]
the tongue (anatomically coupled) requires movement in two diffferent directions (back for /k/ front for /i/. ) this causes conflict
what are the 3 solutions for articulatory conflict
deletion
compromise
transition
