The Internet Flashcards
A small number if companies that own backbones. Charge large sums of money to connect but do not charge each other to connect
Tier 1 Providers
Long-distance, high-speed fiber optic networks. Span the major cities of the earth and interconnect at Network Access Points
Backbones
Special locations where backbones interconnect
Network Access Point (NAP)
Own smaller, regional networks and must pay the Tier 1 providers. Most of the famous companies that provide Internet access to the general public are these
Tier 2 Providers
Even more regional than tier 2 providers and connect to Tier 2 providers
Tier 3 Providers
Piece of equipment that makes the tiered Internet concept work. They connect to more than one other one, creating a big, interwoven nature of the Internet
Backbone Router
Companies that lease connections to the Internet from Tier 1 or Tier 2 providers
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
Requires two pieces to work - hardware to dial the ISP and software to govern the connection
Dial Up Connections
Device that converts a digital bit stream into an analog signal (modulation) and converts incoming analog signals back into digital signals (demodulation). An analog communications channel is typically a telephone line, and analog signals are typically sounds
Modem
One analog cycle on a telephone line. In the early days of telephone data transmission, the rate was often analogous to bits per second. Due to advanced modulation of these cycles as well as data compression, this is no longer true
Baud
Fastest rate a phone line can achieve
2400 baud
Modems connect to telephone cables with a four-wire connector and port. Telephone cable is ______; the connectors and ports are _________
Cat1, RJ-11
Almost all internal modems connect to a _______ or ______ expansion bus slot inside the computer
PCI, PCIe
Contemporary external modems connect to the computer through an available _____ port. It offers simple plug and play and easy portability between machines, plus some modems require no external electrical source, getting all power they need from that connection
USB
Enables a computer to connect to the Internet through a dial-in connection and enjoy most of the benefits of a direct connection
Point-to-point protocol (PPP)
The process of sending telephone transmission across fully digital lines end-to-end, replacing the analog telephone system. Connects much faster than modems
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) service
Carry data and voice information at 64 Kbps
Bearer (B) channels
Carry setup and configuration information and data at 16 Kbps
Delta (D) channel
Common setup of two B/one D. Uses only one physical line, but each B channel sends 64 Kbps, doubling the throughput to 128 Kbps
Basic Rate Interface (BRI) setup
Another type of ISDN that is composed of 23 64-Kbps B channels and one 64-bit D channel. Also known as T1 lines
Primary Rate Interface (PRI)
The most common interface for your computer is this device. They look like regular modems and they come in external and internal variants. Can get ones that connect directly to LAN
Terminal Adapter (TA)
High-speed Internet connection technology that uses a regular telephone line for connectivity. It comes in several varieties and many speeds
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
Remove the high-pitch screech of the DSL signal, enabling phones and fax machines to operate correctly
DSL Microfilters
Uses regular TV cables to serve up lightning-fast speeds. Offers faster service than most DSL connections, with upload speeds from 5 to 35+ Mbps and download speeds ranging anywhere from 15 to 1000+ Mbps
Cable
