Essentials Of Networking Flashcards by Frank Cao

Any computing device connected to a network

Host

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Your computer

Local Host

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Not your computer

Remote Host

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A remote computer that stores the files that make up a Web site. Used server programs to store and share data

Web Server

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Two popular Web server programs

Apache HTTP Server and Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS)

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Computer that has enabled a printer-sharing program built into Windows so that other computers on the network can use the printer

Print Server

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A networked host that enables you to access a bunch of files and folders

File Server

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The networked host you use to access email messages

Mail Server

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Expansion card or motherboard interface that enables a PC to connect to a network via a network cable. A wireless one enables connection via radio waves rather than a physical cable

Network Interface Controllers (NICs)

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Unique 48-bit address assigned to each network card. IEEE assigns blocks of possible addresses to various NIC manufacturers to help ensure that the address is always unique. The Data Link Layer of the OSI model uses these to locate machines

Media Access Control (MAC) address

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Name coined by Xerox for the first standard of network cabling and protocols that define everything necessary to get data from one computer to another. Since its inception, it has gone through hundreds of improvements and even forms the basis of wireless networking signals

Ethernet

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Improvement in Ethernet in areas such as speed, signaling, and cabling

Ethernet Flavors

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Ethernet cabling system designed to run at 10 Mbps on twisted pair cabling

10BaseT

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Ethernet cabling system designed to run at 100 Mbps on twisted pair cabling. Also called Fast Ethernet

100BaseT

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Ethernet cabling system designed to run at 1000 Mbps on twisted pair cabling. Also called Gigabit Ethernet

1000BaseT

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A hybrid network topology where the computers all connect to a central bus - a switch - and have a layout resembling a star

Star Bus Topology

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Device that filters and forwards traffic based on some criteria. A bridge and router are both examples of them. “Smart” repeater, they memorize the MAC addresses of all the connected devices and only send out repeated signals to the correct host

Network Switch

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Electronic device that sits at the center of a star bus topology network, providing a common point for the connection of network devices. “Stupid” repeater, anything sent in one port automatically went out to all the other connected ports

Hub

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The capacity of a network to transmit a given amount of data during a given period

Bandwidth

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The connection between a computer and a switch. Most cable types, limited to 100 meters or less

Segment

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The specified cabling for 10/100/1000BaseT and is the predominant cabling system used today. Consists of AWG-22-26 gauge wire twisted together into color-coded pairs. Each wire is individually insulated and encased as a group in a common jacket

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cabling

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Standard telephone line

Cat1

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Designed for 10-Mbps networks; a variant that used all four pairs of wires and supports 100-Mbps

Cat3

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Designed for 100-Mbps networks

Cat5

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Enhanced to handle 1000-Mbps networks

Cat5e

Supports 1000-Mbps networks at 100-meter segments; 10-Gbps networks up to 55-meters

Cat6

Supports 10-Gbps networks at 100-meter segments

Cat6a

Supports 10-Gbps networks at 100-meter segments; shielding for individual pairs reduces crosstalk and noise problems. Not an ANSI/TIA standard

Cat7

Consists of twisted pairs of wires surround by shielding to protect them from EMI (electromagnetic interference). Tends to be used in places with excessive electronic noise like a shop floor area with lots of lights, electric motors, or other machinery that cause problems for other cables

Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) cabling

Connects your telephone to the telephone jack in the wall. Supports up to 2 pairs of wires, though most phone lines use only one pair. Other pair is used to support a second phone line. Primarily used for telephone-based Internet connections

Registered Jack (RJ)-11

The standard for UTP connectors. Has connections for up to four pairs and is visibly much wider than RJ-11

RJ-45

Standards for connecting RJ-45 connector to the UTP cable

T568A and T568B

High/speed cable for transmitting data, made of high-purity glads sealed within an opaque tube. Much faster than conventional copper wire such as coaxial cable

Fiber Optic Cable

Round connector that needed two connectors on every fiber connection

ST Connector

Square-shaped connector that needed two connectors on every fiber connection

SC Connector

Double-pronged connector that was designed to support two fiber cables in one connector

LC Connector

Transmits multiple light signals at the same time, each using a different reflection angle within the core of the cable. The multiple reflection angles tend to disperse over long distances, so it is used for relatively short differences. Generally runs at 10, 100, 1000 Mbps at about 600 meters

Multimode Fiber Optic Cabling

Using laser-light, it allows for phenomenally high transfer rates over long distances. Rare. Record 100 terabits per second at over 100 miles

Single-Mode Fiber Optic Cabling

Consists of a center cable (core) surrounded by insulation which is covered with a shield of braided cable. Center core carries the signal and the shield eliminates outside interference. Rated using an RG name

Coaxial Cable

The effective resistance to the flow of an alternating current electrical signal through a cable, measured in ohms

Impedance

Has a 75-ohm impedance rating and is used by cable TV. Thinner and doesn’t carry data quite as fast as RG-6

RG-59

Has a 75-ohm impedance rating and is used by cable TV

RG-6

Coaxial cable connector that uses a quarter twist connector

BNC Connector

Coaxial cable connector that uses a screw connector. On the back of all cable modems and most TVs

F-Type Connector

Group of computers connected via cabling, radio, or infrared that uses this connectivity to share resources such as printers and mass storage

Local Area Network (LAN)

Group of computers connected by one or more switches - that is, a group of computers that receive broadcast frames from each other

Broadcast Domain

Common name for the IEEE 802.11 wireless Ethernet standard

Wi-Fi

Uses a building’s existing electrical network for Ethernet. Requires specialized bridges between the Ethernet network and power outlets

Ethernet Over Power

A device that connects dissimilar network technologies that transmit the same signal

Bridge

ANSI/TIA standards that define methods of organizing the cables in a network for ease of repair and replacement

Structured Cabling

All the cables concentrated in this area

Telecommunications Room

Cables running from the telecommunications room to the work area

Horizontal Cabling

A single piece of installed horizontal cabling. In most networks, a Cat5e or better

Run

An office or cubicle that potentially contains a workstation and a telephone

Work Area

Each wire uses a single solid wire. Better conductor, but it is stiff and will break if handled too often or too roughly

Solid Core UTP

Each wire is actually a bundle of tiny wire strands. Not quite as good a conductor, but it will stand up to substantial handling without breaking

Stranded Core UTP

Provides a safe, stable platform for all the different hardware components. 19 inches wide but vary in height from 2- to 3-foot high models that bolt onto a wall to the more popular floor-to-ceiling models

Equipment Rack

Height measurement for racks. Is equal to 1.75 inches

A device that fits in a 1.75-inch space

A device that fits in a 3.5-inch space

A device that fits in a 7-inch space

A box with a row of female connectors (ports) in the front and permanent connections in the back, to which you connect the horizontal cables. Available with 8, 12, 24, 48, or even more ports. Also has a Cat rating

Patch Panel

Special type of connector that is used by the most common type of patch panel

110 Block/110-punchdown Block

Short (typically 2- to 5-foot) UTP cables. Uses stranded rather than solid cable

Patch cables

A widespread group of computers connected using long-distance technologies

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Device connecting separate networks; forwards a packet from one network to another based on the network address for the protocol being used

Router