The Integumentary System Flashcards
Band of epidermis at the base at the base and sides of the nail plate.
Cuticle
One of the large dermal exocrine glands located in the axilla & genital areas. It secrets sweat that in action, is responsible for human body odor.
Apocrine sweat gland
A fat cell
Lipocyte
Major skin pigment, formed by the melanocytes in the epidermis.
Melanin
Soft tissue surrounding the nail boarder.
Paronychium
Oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands.
Sebum
Innermost layer of skin, containing fat tissue.
Subcutaneous Layer
Most number it’s exocrine, sweat producing gland in the skin.
Eccrine sweat gland
What are the 4 main functions of the skin?
- Protection
- Body temperature control
- Sensation
- Formation of Vitamin D.
What are the three categories for Protection of the skin?
- Physical
- Biological
- Chemical
What is physical protection?
Skin keeps microorganisms out
One of the categories for protection if the skin: Melanin in skin protects against excessive UV rays & decreases the loss of body water
Biological
What is chemical protection of the skin?
An acidic philmylayer that acts as an antiseptic to prevent microorganism growth.
What is the function of Body temperature control?
Heat is released through the skin when the temperatures are hot.
What is the function of sensation?
Nerve endings job the skin provide the central nervous system with information on:
- temperature
- touch
- pressure
- pain
How is Vitamin D formed in the skin?
The presence of sunlight stimulates Vitamin D production in the skin.
What are the three layers of the skin?
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Subcutaneous Tissue
What is the subcutaneous layer?
Fat layer
What are 3 components of the Dermis?
- Thickest layer is the skin
- Composed of strong connective tissue.
- Contain a rich supply of nerve fiber & blood vessels
What are the 3 components of the epidermis?
- Outermost layer of the skin
- Composed of melanocytes
- Karatincytes (majority is cells)
What is the function of a melanocyte?
Produce protection form UV rays
What are the functions of the Karatincytes?
- Push upwards & dies when they reach the surface
- We loose millions everyday
- New epidermis forms every 23 to 24 hours.
What are the three components of Melanin?
- The only pigment in the shin that contributes to color
- Everyone has the same amount of melanocytes.
- Differences in color due to the kind if melanin and how much is retained.
What is Carotene?
- A yellow- orange pigment
- Most commonly found on palms of hands and soles of feet
What is hemoglobin?
The pigment that gives Caucasians their pink tone.
What are the two appendages in the skin?
- Sweat glands
- Sebaceous glands
What are 3 characteristics of sebaceous glands?
- Found everywhere except on palms and soles.
- Sebum keeps hair soft, skin moist, & kills bacteria
- Acne is active inflammation of sebaceous glands
What are three cause of acne?
- Build up of bacteria in the skin
- Over production of oil (sebum)
- Irritation of hair follicles due to shedding of dead skin cells
What are 2 non inflammatory and 4 inflammatory lesions that form from acne?
Non Inflammatory:
- Black heads
- White heads
Inflammatory:
- Pimples
- Pastules
- Nodules
- Cysts
What bacteria usually causes boils and where can it form?
- Staphylococcus Aureus
- Forms on skin, in nose, and broken skin
Describe a boil.
- Red, painful swollen bump
- development of a yellow tip fu of pus
- can get to the size of a golf ball
What are the causes of Folliculitis?
- Bacteria/ yeast
- Damage to hair follicles
What are the symptoms of Folliculitis?
- Looks like a pimple with a hair in the middle
- Can drain blood or and puss
What are the possible causes of Eczema?
- It’s virtually unknown
- Suspected to be the result of a combo of dry/irritable skin and a malfunction of the immune system
4 descriptions of eczema?
- Red, brownish, or grey patches
- Itchy small red bumps that may leak fluid and crust over when scratched
- Thickened cracked scaly skin
- Raw sensitive skin from scratching
What is Herpes Zoster also known as?
Shingles
What’s Herpes Zoster caused by?
Deactivation of the same virus that causes Chickenpox.
What are the three stages of shingles and their description?
- Prodromal Stage- general pain
- Active Stage- oozing blisters
- Postherpeic Neuralgia- lingering pain that can last for years
What is Tinea Pedis also known as?
Athletes Foot
What is Tinea Pedis caused by?
A group of fungus called Dermatophytes.
What are 3 symptoms of Tinea Pedis?
- Dry flaking skin on the soles of the feet
- Unpleasant odor
- Small itchy blisters on the soles of the feet
What is the common name for Tinea Corporis?
Ring Worm
What is the cause of ring worm?
A fungus that can spread from animal/ person to person.
What are the symptoms of Tinea Corporis?
Red, peeling, itchy, cracking rash that can blister.
What causes Cellulitis?
When the bacteria streptococcus or and staphylococcus enters through a break in the skin. Can turn into something more aggressive called MRSA.
What are 6 symptoms of Cellulitis?
- Redness of the skin
- Swelling of the skin
- Pain of the skin
- Tenderness of the skin
- Warmth of the skin
- Fever
