Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

KINE 3575 > The Inflammatory Response & Healing > Flashcards

The Inflammatory Response & Healing Flashcards

1
Q

Introduction

What is inflammation?

Definition

A

The local tissue response of the body to any irritant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Introduction

Designed to?

A

It is the fundamental action designed to protect, localize and rid the body of injured tissue in preparation for healing to occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Introduction

Inflammatory response can be?

A

The inflammatory response can be acute or chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Introduction

What is the acute phase?

A
  • The initial reaction of the body’s tissues to any irritant
  • Usually has a short onset and short duration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Introduction

Why is inflammation necessary?

A

Inflammation is necessary for laying the ground work for healing and repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Introduction

Overlapping of which events?

A

There is an overlapping of chemical, vascular and cellular events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Introduction

Inflammatory response is characterized by pneumonic?

A

The inflammatory response is characterized by the pneumonic SHARP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Introduction

Varying degrees of trauma cause?

A

Varying degrees of trauma will cause varying degrees of the inflammatory response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Inflammatory Response

S

A

S - Swelling
May be immediate or may develop over a period of time (usually within 24 hours)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Inflammatory Response

H

A

H - Heat
or increased local temperature (due to an increase in local metabolism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Inflammatory Response

A

A

A - altered function
such as restricted movement or a limp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Inflammatory Response

R

A

R - redness
occurs due to an increase in blood flow (vasodilation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Inflammatory Response

P

A

P - pain
may be chemical in nature or due to swelling putting pressure on free nerve endings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Inflammatory Exudate

Inflammation is caused by?

A

Inflammation is caused by the inflammatory exudate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Inflammatory Exudate

What is the inflammatory exudate?

A

The inflammatory exudate is cellular debris accumulating in the area of injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Inflammatory Exudate

Inflammatory exudate is defined as:

A

“Fluid with a high protein content caused by the accumulation of cellular debris in or around the area of injury”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Inflammatory Exudate

What does the inflammatory exudate include?

A
  • Red blood cells
  • White blood cells
  • Water
  • Platelets
  • Chemicals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Types of Trauma Causing Inflammation

What are types of trauma causing inflammation?

A
  • Allergic - hypersensitivity to a foreign protein
  • Chemical - adhesive, latex
  • Thermal - sunburn, hot pack
  • Psychological - a stress reation, psychosomatic
  • Physical - soft tissue or bony
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Inflammatory Response & Muscle Spasm

What is the body’s first reaction whenever you feel pain of any kind, and when pain reaches a certain threshold?

A

Whenever you feel pain of any kind, and when that pain reaches a certain threshold, the body’s first reaction is muscle guarding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Inflammatory Response & Muscle Spasm

What do the muscles do to protect?

A

The muscles “splint” or immobolize the area where you feel the pain to protect it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Inflammatory Response & Muscle Spasm

What is spasm (and is not)?

A

Spasm is a symptom and not a cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Inflammatory Response & Muscle Spasm

Effects of spasm?

A

Muscle spasm can have good as well as bad effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Inflammatory Response & Muscle Spasm

What does prolonged muscle guarding produce?

A

Prolonged muscle guarding produces muscle spasm and inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Inflammatory Response & Muscle Spasm

Muscle spasm can be? (sign)

A

Muscle spasm may be very painful but it is not necessarily a sign of a serious problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Inflammatory Response & Muscle Spasm

What does muscle spasm present with?

A

Muscle spasm presents with tender, painful muscles, slowed circulation and low-grade inflammation which continues this cycle

CYCLE
Pain -> muscle guarding -> circulatory statsis -> retention of metabolities and restricted movement -> myositis and muscle spasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Inflammatory Response & Muscle Spasm

What does the pain/spasm cycle need to be interrupted with?

A

The pain/spasm cycle needs to be interrupted with:
* Medication
* Treatments: cold compression, rest, restricted movement (in the acute phase), heat, massage, electrical stimulation, and other therapeutic modalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Inflammatory Response & Muscle Spasm

Treatment regiment? Problems with it?

A

This treatment regiment is important and necessary, but it is doing very little to address the real cause of the problem, only treating the symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Inflammatory Response & Muscle Spasm

What to do after the inflammatory response and associated spasm settle down?

A

This is why once the inflammatory response and any associated spasm has settled down, a re-evaluation of the nature and extent of the injury must be established

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Inflammation & The Phases of Healing

What categories does soft tissue injury fall in?

A

Soft tissue injury falls into three phases or categories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Inflammation & The Phases of Healing

Timelines?

A

Each of these phases has specific timelines based on what is happening physiologically at the tissue level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Inflammation & The Phases of Healing

Three phases are known as:

A
  • Inflammatory or Acute Phase
  • Regenerative or Fibroblastic Phase
  • Remodeling or Maturation Phase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The Inflammatory Phase

Natural response to trauma

A

Inflammation and the inflammatory phase is the body’s natural response to trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The Inflammatory Phase

What is the shortest/most painful phase?

A

The inflammatory phase is the shortest phase and is the most painful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The Inflammatory Phase

How long does the inflammatory phase last?

A

It usually lasts between 48-72 hours unless it is interrupted

35
Q

The Inflammatory Phase

What is it characterized by?

A

It is characterized by the simultaneously overlapping of vascular, cellular and chemical events with the result being inflammation (evident through SHARP)

36
Q

The Inflammatory Phase

How does the inflammatory phase lay groundwork?

A

Through the inflammatory exudate, the inflammatory phase lays the groundwork for healing to commence

37
Q

Regenerative or Fibroblastic Phase

What does it extend from?

A

The regenerative or fibroblastic phase extends from the end of inflammation

38
Q

Regenerative or Fibroblastic Phase

How long does it last?

A

It lasts for appoximately 6 weeks

39
Q

Regenerative or Fibroblastic Phase

What does it do?

A

It lays the groundwork for healing by scar tissue (fibroplasia)

40
Q

Remodeling or Maturation Phase

What is the final phase?

A

The final phase is the remodeling or maturation phase

41
Q

Remodeling or Maturation Phase

What is the longest phase? How long can it last?

A

Remodeling or maturation is the longest phase and can last up to or beyond a year

42
Q

Remodeling or Maturation Phase

What is it characterized by?

A

This phase is characterized by the ongoing synthesis (building up) and lysis (breaking down) of scar tissue

43
Q

The Inflammatory Phase (Vascular Events)

Events during this phase?

A

There is an overlapping of various events during this phase which results in inflammation in and around an area of injury

44
Q

The Inflammatory Phase (Vascular Events)

Signs and symptoms duration?

A

The signs and symptoms of SHARP will be evident for up to 72 hours, signaling ongoing inflammation

45
Q

The Inflammatory Phase (Vascular Events)

What do the vascular events include?

A

Vascular events include:
* an initial vasoconstriction (Golden Period of Evaluation), allowing for coagulation to occur
* followed by vasodilation, bringing blood flow, chemicals and cells to the tissue for clean up and repair to commence

46
Q

The Inflammatory Phase (Cellular Events)

The second event?

A

The second event which occurs as vasodilation and vasoconstriction occur in the vascular system is cellular events

47
Q

The Inflammatory Phase (Cellular Events)

“Pavementing”

A

With injury, white blood cells move toward the periphery of local capillaries in a process called “pavementing”

48
Q

The Inflammatory Phase (Cellular Events)

“Margination”

A

Line up and stick to the vessels close to the injury, and eventually migrate out into the surrounding tissue

49
Q

The Inflammatory Phase (Cellular Events)

Diapedesis

A

Cells pass through the vessel wall

50
Q

The Inflammatory Phase (Cellular Events)

Chemotaxis

A

Guided to the injury site

51
Q

The Inflammatory Phase (Cellular Events)

Phagocytosis

A

Engulf cellular debris

52
Q

Phagocytosis

What is it?

A

There are a variety of white blood cells which engulf cellular debris (phagocytosis) and perform other similar functions

53
Q

Phagocytosis

Examples of common white blood cells

A

Neutrophils and macrophages are examples of two of the most common white blood cells

54
Q

Phagocytosis

What leaves the vessel first?

A

Neutrophils are smaller so they leave the vessel first but soon die and add to the cellular debris, cleaned by the macrophages

55
Q

The Inflammatory Phase (Chemical Events)

What is released during the inflammatory process from injured cells?

A

There are numerous chemicals released during the inflammatory process from injured cells

56
Q

The Inflammatory Phase (Chemical Events)

Chemical mediators act as?

A

These chemical mediators act as traffic cops and play numerous roles as well as activating numerous processes

57
Q

The Inflammatory Phase (Chemical Events)

Numerous processes activated?

A

Vasodilation, pain, increasing cell permeability, initiating other sequences to occur (clotting) and attracting different cells to the area of injury

58
Q

The Inflammatory Phase (Chemical Events)

Some examples of these chemicals and their roles

A

Histamine, Bradykinin, Leukotrienes

59
Q

Tissue Repair

What is it?

A

Tissue repair is the process of replacing dead or damaged cells with healthy ones

60
Q

Tissue Repair

Three types of repair

A
  • Complete/Regenerative
  • Tissue incapable of restoration
  • Substitution/replacement
61
Q

Regenerative or Fibroblastic Phase

When does this phase begin?

A

This phase begins when the inflammatory response has ceased

62
Q

Regenerative or Fibroblastic Phase

How long can this phase last?

A

Can last up to six weeks

63
Q

Regenerative or Fibroblastic Phase

When does repair commence?

A

Repair commences when the injured area has been cleared of cellular debris

64
Q

Regenerative or Fibroblastic Phase

Why is it also called the fibroblastic phase?

A

This is also called the fibroblastic phase because it is characterized by fibroplasia, that is, the laying down of fibroblasts or scar tissue which become active from the inflammatory exudate (granulation tissue)

65
Q

Regenerative or Fibroblastic Phase

What do fibroblasts secrete?

A

Fibroblasts secrete soluble collagen

66
Q

Regenerative or Fibroblastic Phase

Why do fibroblasts become active?

A

Fibroblasts (type 3 initially) become active to “fill in the gap” caused by the initial injury

67
Q

Regenerative or Fibroblastic Phase

What do fibroblasts (type 3) get replaced with?

A

They are eventually replaced by type 1 fibers

68
Q

Regenerative or Fibroblastic Phase

What is granulation tissue formed from?

A

Formed from exudate

69
Q

Regenerative or Fibroblastic Phase

Granulation tissue - what is it?

A

Vascular mass with growth factor which stimulates fibroblasts to become active

70
Q

Regenerative or Fibroblastic Phase

Fibroblast formation

A
  • Time lines
  • Develop contractile properties
71
Q

Remodeling Phase

What is the final phase?

A

The final phase is the remodeling phase

72
Q

Remodeling Phase

How long does the remodeling phase last?

A

Lasts from three months up to one year

73
Q

Remodeling Phase

Characterized by?

A

This phase is characterized by the maturity, strength and amount of fibroblasts (scar tissue) being laid down

74
Q

Remodeling Phase

What happens throughout this phase?

A

Throughout this phase, there is an ongoing synthesis and lysis of scar tissue to ultimately build up as much strength as possible as well as having the fibroblasts line up along the “lines of stress”

75
Q

Remodeling Phase

What is important during this phase?

A

Imposed forces during this phase are important

76
Q

Remodeling Phase

What can delay healing?

A

Excessive forces or inadequate force can delay healing

77
Q

Healing

How many types of healing can occur following injury?

A

There are two “types” of healing that can occur following injury

78
Q

Healing

Two types of healing

A

These include: healing by primary or healing by secondary intent

79
Q

Healing

What plays a role and may differentiate between these two types of healing?

A

The degree of approximation and amount of scar tissue

80
Q

Healing

What does the efficiency of regeneration and healing depend on?

A

Depends on a number of factors including:
* proper elimination of cellular debris
* avoiding re-aggravation
* proper vascularization
* proper collagen production

81
Q

The SAID Principle

What does SAID stand for?

A

SAID stands for Specific Adaption to Imposed Demands

82
Q

The SAID Principle

What does SAID state?

A

“When the body is subjected to stresses and overloads of varying intensities, it will adapt over time to overcome the demands placed on it”

83
Q

The SAID Principle

Movement?

A

General movement/exercise - sport specific movement/exercise

84
Q

The SAID Principle

What does this principle play an important role in?

A

This principle plays an important role in the last two phases/stages of healing

KINE 3575 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions