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KINE 3575 > Control of the Inflammatory Response > Flashcards

Control of the Inflammatory Response Flashcards

1
Q

Introduction

Different pneumonics representing the principles for controlling the inflammatory response?

A
  • ICER
  • PRICE
  • RICE
  • PIER
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2
Q

Introduction

Four principles representing the same four components

A
  • Ice
  • Compression
  • Elevation
  • Rest and Restricted Function
  • (and Protection)
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3
Q

Cold Application

How does cold application work?

A

Cold application works by limiting swelling and bleeding as well as reducing local tissue metabolism

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4
Q

Cold Application

By doing this (applying cold) - purpose?

A

By doing this, cellular damage is limited and if it is limited initially, it does not have to be repaired later

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5
Q

Cold Application

Recovery is?

A

Thus recovery as well as return to activity may be accelerated

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6
Q

Cold Application

Uses alone? In combination results are?

A

There is some debate as to which of the four components of the ICER principle are most effective alone, however when used in combination, the results are synergistic

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7
Q

Raynaud’s Phenomenon/Disease

What is it?

A

Raynaud’s phenomenon or disease is an allergic reaction to cold application

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8
Q

Raynaud’s Phenomenon/Disease

Presents with?

A

It varies from individual to individual but presents with pain, numbness and tingling and varying degrees of cyanosis

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9
Q

Raynaud’s Phenomenon/Disease

What is usually affected?

A

The extremities are usually affected

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10
Q

Raynaud’s Phenomenon/Disease

What is the mechanism?

A

The exact mechanism is unknown

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11
Q

Cryokinetics

What is it?

A

Cryokinetics is a combination of cold application and active exercise

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12
Q

Cryokinetics

What is it used for?

A

It is used primarily for joint sprains

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13
Q

Cryokinetics

What phase is it used in?

A

It is used in the sub-acute or fibroblastic phase

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14
Q

Cryokinetics

Cold serves to?

A

Cold serves to decrease pain, allowing exercise to occur much earlier than normal

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15
Q

Cryokinetics

Sets?

A

There are usually 3-5 alternating sets of ice and exercise

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16
Q

Cryokinetics

What does the progressive exercise do?

A

It is the progressive exercise which helps re-establish neuromuscular functioning

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17
Q

Penetration of Cold

A

Deeper than heat

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18
Q

Penetration of Cold

Surface vs deeper?

A

Surface temperature decreases rapidly while deeper tissue takes more time

19
Q

Penetration of Cold

Decreased penetration in which areas?

A

There is decreased penetration in areas with more adipose tissue

20
Q

Cold Application

Factors Affecting Penetration

A
  • Cold medium applied (crushed ice, cold immersion, ice pack)
  • Length of exposure (the longer ice is applied, the deeper it will penetrate)
  • Type of tissue (muscle vs fat)
21
Q

Cold Application

Physiological effects of cold

A
  • Decreases inflammation
  • Decreases pain
  • Decreases circulation
  • Decreases secondary hypoxic injury
  • Decreases metabolism
  • Decreases spasm
  • Increases tissue stiffness
22
Q

Sensations Felt With Cold Application

Knight

A
  • Pain (thermoreceptor and nociceptor activation)
  • Warming (Hunting Response)
  • Aching
  • Numbness
23
Q

Sensations Felt With Cold Application

Prentice/Arnheim

A
  • Cold
  • Burning
  • Aching
  • Numbess
24
Q

Compression

Following injury?

A

Following injury, compression is applied immediately and maintained for a minimum of 24 hours

25
Q

Compression

Difference from ice (unlike)?

A

Unlike ice, which should be applied on and off, compression should be applied continuously

26
Q

Compression

Types of compression?

A
  • Elastic wraps
  • Compressive pads
  • Braces
  • Tape etc.
27
Q

Compression

Hydrostatic reaction

A

The amount of force or pressure against a surface

28
Q

Compression

Osmotic pressure

A

Pressure which develops in a solution as a net result of osmosis into that solution

29
Q

Compression

Starling’s Law

A

The rate and direction of fluid exchange (between the blood and interstitial fluid) is determined by hydrostatic and osmotic pressures

30
Q

Rationale for Compression

In normal tissue, what does fluid do?

A

In normal tissue, fluid constantly passes between the vascular system and the extracellular spaces

31
Q

Rationale for Compression

What happens if the balance of these forces is upset by trauma?

A

If the balance of these forces is upset by trauma, fluid will begin to accumulate in the tissue, around the injury

32
Q

Rationale for Compression

In injured tissue, it is the accumulation of fluid around the injury site that:

A
  • Compounds the extent of tissue damage
  • Delays healing through congestion and oxygen deprivation contributing to secondary hypoxic injury
  • Fluid accumulation beneath damaged tissue (ligaments, tendons) may cause separation of the torn fibers leading to healing by secondary intent
33
Q

Rationale for Compression

Accumulation of fluid in and around the injury site causes?

A

The accumulation of fluid in and around the injury site causes complications

34
Q

Rationale for Compression

What does compression help facilitate?

A

Compression helps facilitate healing by helping to better line up the torn tissue

35
Q

Rationale for Compression

Compression decreases and minimizes?

A

Compression decreases pain and minimizes the pain/spasm cycle

36
Q

Rationale for Compression

Compression also decreases pain by?

A

Compression also decreases pain by the gait control theory

37
Q

Rationale for Compression

Bleeding?

A

Compression decreases bleeding

38
Q

Rationale for Compression

Inhibits?

A

Compression inhibits seepage of fluid into the interstitial spaces and forces swellling to areas of low hydrostatic pressure away from the injury site

39
Q

Elevation

Should be above the level of?

A

Elevation should always be above the level of the heart

40
Q

Elevation

Done at what time?

A

This is usually done at the same time as icing and compression

41
Q

Elevation

How does it help?

A

Elevation helps to decreases swelling by facilitating lymphatic drainage and decreasing capillary hydrostatic pressure which limits bleeding

42
Q

Rest and Restricted Function

Helps to ensure?

A

Rest and restricted function helps ensure healing with minimal complications

43
Q

Rest and Restricted Function

Limit or prevent?

A

This should limit or prevent the continuation of the inflammatory response

KINE 3575 (7 decks)

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