🏭 The Industrial Revolution 🏭 Flashcards
What was Enclosure?
Fences and walls were used to separate crops and livestock
What was selective breeding?
Only allowing the best animals to breed and killing off the weaker ones, it was developed by Robert Bakewell
What new machines were built?
The mechanical reaper (Cyrus McCormick), Seed drill (Jethro Tull)
What was the four field system?
Instead of having a fallow they would plant 4 crops (turnip,wheat,clove,wheat) it was developed by Viscount Charles Townshed
Why did the industrial revolution start in Britain?
Coal and Iron, British Empire, Stable, workforce, inventors
Explain why coal and iron was a cause?
Britain has huge amounts of coal and iron in areas like Wales, Yorkshire and southern Scotland
Explain why the British Empire was a cause?
Because Britain ruled so much land it made it easier to get cheap raw materials like cotton and rubber. Britain also had huge markets to see in
What was in the Agricultural Revolution?
Enclosure, new machinery, selective breeding, 4 field system
Why was Britain being a good place to do business a cause?
It was a very stable country. It had a good education system, a strong banking system (which provided the money to start all the new businesses) and a stable government
Why was the read-made workforce a cause?
The Agricultural Revolution led to a huge increase in food production, this meant that there were many people willing to work in the factories of the industrial revolution
Why was the league of extraordinary gentlemen a cause?
Britain produced many great engineers and inventors like James Watt (inventor of the rotary steam engine), George Stephenson (pioneer of the railway and inventor of the ‘rocket’) and Isambard Kingdom Brunel (engineer and builder of bridges)
Why invented the flying shuttle?
John Kay, it was used for weaving
Who invented the spinning Jenny?
James Hargreaves, it was used for spinning
Who invented the water frame?
Richard Arkwright, it was used for spinning
Who invented the mule?
Samuel Crompton, it was used for spinning
Who invented the power loom?
Edmund Cartwright, it was used for weaving
Who invented the first modern steam engine?
Thomas Newcomen, but it was unreliable and dangerous
Who invented, smelting iron with coke?
Abraham Darby, it made iron stronger
Who invented, puddling and rolling?
Henry Cort, it improved the quality of the iron produced
Who invented the Davy lamp?
Humphrey Davy, it improved the safety of mines
Who invented the Bessemer Converter?
Henry Bessemer, it turned iron into much stronger steel
Who designed and built the Bridgewater Canal between Liverpool and Manchester?
James Brindley, it was a cheap and efficient way to transport goods between factories and ports
Who pressed small stones to make roads and made slopes at the side to prevent flooding?
John McAdam, this made it possible to use most roads in winter
Who built roads with layers of rocks and stones?
Thomas Telford, this improved the quality of roads
